WiMAX femtocell: requirements, challenges, and solutions

Kim, R.Y.; Kwak, Jin Sam; Etemad, Kamran

doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.5277460

Cited by 160 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…LTE, formally 3GPP Release 8 onwards) and LTE-Adanved technologies (LTE-A, Release 10 onwards), while 3GPP2 activities are now essentially discontinued. WiMAX marches on, including femtocell standardization activities [40], but its impact in developed markets figures to be small. The physical and MAC layer impact of femtocells on LTE and WiMAX are quite similar, due to their comparable physical and MAC layer designs, which are based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA).…”

Section: ) Lte/lte-a Femtocellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtocells: Past, Present, and Future

Andrews

Claußen²,

Döhler

et al. 2012

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

1,077

703

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Abstract-Femtocells, despite their name, pose a potentially large disruption to the carefully planned cellular networks that now connect a majority of the planet's citizens to the Internet and with each other. Femtocells -which by the end of 2010 already outnumbered traditional base stations and at the time of publication are being deployed at a rate of about five million a year -both enhance and interfere with this network in ways that are not yet well understood. Will femtocells be crucial for offloading data and video from the creaking traditional network? Or will femtocells prove more trouble than they are worth, undermining decades of careful base station deployment with unpredictable interference while delivering only limited gains? Or possibly neither: are femtocells just a "flash in the pan"; an exciting but short-lived stage of network evolution that will be rendered obsolete by improved WiFi offloading, new backhaul regulations and/or pricing, or other unforeseen technological developments? This tutorial article overviews the history of femtocells, demystifies their key aspects, and provides a preview of the next few years, which the authors believe will see a rapid acceleration towards small cell technology. In the course of the article, we also position and introduce the articles that headline this special issue.

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Section: ) Lte/lte-a Femtocellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtocells: Past, Present, and Future

Andrews

Claußen²,

Döhler

et al. 2012

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

1,077

703

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The wireline Internet Service Providers (ISPs) may impose additional charges on the femtocell related traffics [21]. Also, since the femtocell users' traffics will go through the ISP's network before reaching the cellular operator's own network, issues such as synchronization with macrocells become more challenging to resolve [22], [23]. Moreover, femtocell service needs billing system integration with macrocell service, and requires additional customer support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of Femtocell Service Provision

Duan

Huang

Shou

2013

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

112

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Abstract-Femtocells can effectively resolve the poor connectivity issue of indoor cellular users. This paper investigates the economic incentive for a cellular operator to add femtocell service on top of its existing macrocell service. We model the interactions between a cellular operator and users as a Stackelberg game: the operator first determines spectrum allocations and pricings of femtocell and macrocell services, and then heterogeneous users choose between the two services and the amount of resource to request. In the ideal case where the femtocell service has the same full spatial coverage as the macrocell service, we show that the operator will choose to provide femtocell service only, as this leads to a better user Quality of Service and a higher operator profit. However, if we impose the constraint that no users' payoffs decrease after introducing the femtocell service, then the operator will always continue providing the macrocell service (with or without the femtocell service). Furthermore, we study the impact of operational cost, limited coverage, and spatial reuse on femtocell service provision. As the operational cost increases, fewer users are served by femtocell service and the operator's profit decreases. When the femtocell service has limited spatial coverage, the operator always provides the macrocell service beside the femtocell service. However, when the coverage is high or the total resource is low, the operator will set the prices such that all users who can access femtocell will choose to use the femtocell service only. Finally, spatial reuse of spectrum will increase the efficiency of femtocell services, and gives the operator more incentives to allocate spectrum to femtocells.

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“…The concept of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has been proposed to tackle this problem. A HetNet consists of small, low power nodes or relay stations overlaid on a macrocell to improve coverage and increase capacity in very dense areas of the network with higher data-rate demands [29]- [33]. The lowpower nodes used in HetNets are mostly picocells, femtocells and relay stations.…”

Section: ) Communication Network Topology: A) Cell Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey and Tutorial of Electromagnetic Radiation and Reduction in Mobile Communication Systems

Sambo

Héliot

Imran

2015

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Abstract-This article provides a survey and tutorial of electromagnetic (EM) radiation exposure and reduction in mobile communication systems. EM radiation exposure has received a fair share of interest in literature; however, this work is one of the first to compile the most interesting results and ideas related to EM exposure in mobile communication systems and present possible ways of reducing it. We provide a comprehensive survey of existing literature and also offer a tutorial on the dosimetry, metrics, international projects as well as guidelines and limits on the exposure from EM radiation in mobile communication systems. Based on this survey and given that EM radiation exposure is closely linked with specific absorption rate (SAR) and transmit power usage, we propose possible techniques for reducing EM radiation exposure in mobile communication systems by exploring known concepts related to SAR and transmit power reduction of mobile systems. Thus, this paper serves as an introductory guide for EM radiation exposure in mobile communication systems and provides insights towards the design of future low EM exposure mobile communication networks.

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WiMAX femtocell: requirements, challenges, and solutions

Cited by 160 publications

References 0 publications

Femtocells: Past, Present, and Future

Femtocells: Past, Present, and Future

Economics of Femtocell Service Provision

A Survey and Tutorial of Electromagnetic Radiation and Reduction in Mobile Communication Systems

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