Wind Dependent Concepts for Wake Avoidance: A Comparative Analysis of Capacity Benefits and Implementation Risks

Lunsford, Clark R.; Mundra, Anand; Audenaerd, Laurence; Cheng, Jingde; Devlin, C.; Gross, Amy E.; Sherry, J.; Bryant, W. H.; Johnson, Elizabeth; Mckissick, B. T.

doi:10.1109/dasc.2005.1563338

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…While the benefits in flow management, flight path selection, and fuel saving in the en-route environment easily follow from increased fidelity of weather data, numerous terminal area concepts are in development that would have a significant impact on closing the airport capacity gap between visual condition and radar-separated operations, the primary driver of NAS delays (2). These applications pertain to terminal area operations and wake turbulence mitigation (4,5). The temporal and spatial scales of hazardous aircraft wake turbulence are dependent on ambient atmospheric conditions.…”

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Approach Path Coverage of Aircraft-Derived Meteorological Data in Advanced Air Traffic Management Applications

Audenaerd

2014

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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If appropriately equipped, aircraft traveling throughout the global air space have the unique capability to measure and report high-resolution meteorological data, under all weather conditions. These data can have high economic value for both aviation and nonaviation uses by communicating a dense picture of weather conditions from thousands of ad hoc sensors operating daily in the global air space over areas of an aviation operational interest. However, ensuring that the technology provides adequate levels of service and safety requires a clear understanding of system performance characteristics in conjunction with sensor and data link capabilities, broadcast frequencies, equipage rates, and operational service environment requirements. This paper explores the density of coverage as a measure of performance by presenting the problem as a stochastic area coverage model of a homogeneous dynamic wireless ad hoc sensor network. A model was developed to relate the density needs of various advanced air traffic management applications to the spatial and temporal coverage of aircraft-sensed meteorological data in the airport terminal area. A comprehensive experimental design is presented with varying aircraft equipage rates, message broadcast frequencies, coverage granularities, and traffic demand levels. Infrastructure and sensor limitations are included to capture some realism within the model. Results are determined by solving this variation on a traditional set covering model using Monte Carlo simulation techniques.

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Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Approach Path Coverage of Aircraft-Derived Meteorological Data in Advanced Air Traffic Management Applications

Audenaerd

2014

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…The author focuses on comparing the relative benefits during a variety of complex arrival configurations and fleet mix choices but ignores the stochasticity of required wind conditions. Lunsford et al (17) also developed Monte Carlo simulation techniques to quantify a variety of single runway and CSPR arrival scenarios. They addressed wind dependency through selecting a priori airport-dependent wind threshold values based on airfield geometry and determined the associated benefits.…”

Section: Background and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Surface and Aloft Winds for Advanced Parallel Runway Operations

Audenaerd

2012

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The increase in demand for air travel throughput has resulted in an effort to identify novel techniques for improving efficiency. One such effort targets the barrier imposed by wake turbulence separation standards—reducing interaircraft spacing during radar operations. Recently, concepts have focused on exploiting the effects of wake transport under wind fields by developing wind-dependent procedures that mitigate wake hazards during favorable wind conditions. However, the challenge with regard to computing benefits during conditional time epochs requires methodology designed for a niche modeling area that even sophisticated airport capacity simulation models lack. This work attempts to augment the capacity computation by presenting a characterization of the favorable crosswind availability across a range of thresholds and aloft monitoring heights based on Rapid Update Cycle and aviation system performance measure weather data. The focus is on presenting a generalization of wind behavior and on providing insight into the effects of the wind on the applicability of wind-dependent wake-based procedures. Data for nine major U.S. airports currently operating closely spaced parallel runways are analyzed.

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“…The data values constitute a set of hourly wind speed and direction vectors along a vertical column geographically located at the center of the airfield for each of the airports. [20]. IGE winds were measured from the surface to approximately 250 ft above ground level (AGL) and aloft winds were measured from approximately 400 ft. to 2000 ft. AGL.…”

Section: Availability Of the Paired Approach Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally understood that wakes in ground effect will initially drift apart due to interaction with the ground. The wakes are expected to initially drift outward at approximately 3 kts for Large category aircraft (e.g., B737) and 4 kts for Heavy category aircraft (e.g., DC10) [18][19][20][21]. There are also large scale eddy simulation results [18]that show that for prediction of how long a wake will take to transport to a specific distance, the wake self-transport contribution is overwhelmed by wind transport and ground effects, resulting in smaller wake transport distances for a given time.…”

Section: Availability Of the Paired Approach Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential benefits of a Paired Approach procedure to closely spaced parallel runways in instrument and marginal visual conditions

Mundra

Cooper

Smith

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference

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This paper discusses a concept called "Paired Approaches" which is designed to facilitate approaches to closely spaced parallel runways (CSPRs) -i.e., runways separated by 700 ft to 2500 ft, in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Such runway pairs experience a significant loss of arrival capacity during IMC and marginal visual conditions because currently, runway pairs like this can only be used for simultaneous arrivals when pilots can provide visual separation. The basic procedure design, operations concept, the required cockpit tools and initial feasibility of the paired approach concept were developed in the 1990's and included real time pilot and controller simulations and evaluations. These initial simulations indicated that the Paired Approach procedure was feasible for both pilots and controllers.

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Wind Dependent Concepts for Wake Avoidance: A Comparative Analysis of Capacity Benefits and Implementation Risks

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Estimating Approach Path Coverage of Aircraft-Derived Meteorological Data in Advanced Air Traffic Management Applications

Estimating Approach Path Coverage of Aircraft-Derived Meteorological Data in Advanced Air Traffic Management Applications

Characterization of Surface and Aloft Winds for Advanced Parallel Runway Operations

Potential benefits of a Paired Approach procedure to closely spaced parallel runways in instrument and marginal visual conditions

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