Wind-dispersed diseases

Hau, B.; Vallavieille‐Pope, C. de

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3302-1_16

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Predicting climate impact on the geographic range of pests and pathogens is a major challenge for fundamental and applied research ( Harvell et al 2002 ; Lafferty 2009 ). Our experiments confirm correlational studies and theoretical work, identifying temperature as an important determinant of PST epidemics ( Rapilly 1979 ; Hau and de Vallavieille-Pope 2006 ). Moreover, we have demonstrated a direct link between temperature, infectivity and competitive success, and it was even possible to predict the relative success of individual PST isolates under variable environmental field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, the role of the environment in pathogen adaptation is largely unclear. Many studies in plant pathology have described environmental effects on disease development and transmission ( Garrett et al 2006 ; Hau and de Vallavieille-Pope 2006 ), but often use only few host or pathogen genotypes (e.g. Pfister et al 2004 ; Nordskog et al 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We, therefore, hypothesised that the geographic differentiation also involves adaptation to the local climate, namely to a north–south cline in temperature. Temperature strongly influences PST development ( de Vallavieille-Pope et al 1995 ; Chen 2005 ; Hau and de Vallavieille-Pope 2006 ), and a recent theoretical study detailed how high temperature is a major limiting factor for PST epidemic spread ( Papastamati and van den Bosch 2007 ). Thus, local adaptation to higher temperatures in the Mediterranean region may protect southern PST against invasion by northern PST .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure and local adaptation of European wheat yellow rust populations: the role of temperature‐specific adaptation

Mboup

Bahri

Leconte

et al. 2011

Evolutionary Applications

115

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Environmental heterogeneity influences coevolution and local adaptation in host–parasite systems. This also concerns applied issues, because the geographic range of parasites may depend on their capacity to adapt to abiotic conditions. We studied temperature-specific adaptation in the wheat yellow/stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST). Using laboratory experiments, PST isolates from northern and southern France were studied for their ability to germinate and to infect bread and durum wheat cultivars over a temperature gradient. Pathogen origin × temperature interactions for infectivity and germination rate suggest local adaptation to high- versus low-temperature regimes in south and north. Competition experiments in southern and northern field sites showed a general competitive advantage of southern over northern isolates. This advantage was particularly pronounced in the southern ‘home’ site, consistent with a model integrating laboratory infectivity and field temperature variation. The stable PST population structure in France likely reflects adaptation to ecological and genetic factors: persistence of southern PST may be due to adaptation to the warmer Mediterranean climate; and persistence of northern PST can be explained by adaptation to commonly used cultivars, for which southern isolates are lacking the relevant virulence genes. Thus, understanding the role of temperature-specific adaptations may help to improve forecast models or breeding programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure and local adaptation of European wheat yellow rust populations: the role of temperature‐specific adaptation

Mboup

Bahri

Leconte

et al. 2011

Evolutionary Applications

115

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“…(PST), Basidiomycota. This major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on many continents (Asia, Australia, North America, Europe) is prevalent in regions with cool temperatures and humid conditions (Hau and de Vallavieille-Pope 2006). Epidemics develop through the dispersal of urediospores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puccinia striiformisf.sp.triticipresents high diversity and recombination in the over-summering zone of Gansu, China

Duan

Tellier²,

Wan

et al. 2010

Mycologia

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Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST), a basidiomycota responsible for wheat yellow rust, has a strict clonal behavior and a low genetic diversity in European and Australian populations. On the other hand high diversity has been reported in Chinese populations. Moreover it is thought that in China yellow rust epidemics start recurrently from the western highlands where over-summering occurs. To compare PST genetic diversity in this area to the one described in France seven AFLP primer combinations were used to analyze a sample of 160 isolates collected in 2001 in five counties of Gansu Province. The AFLP data revealed 40 polymorphic bands, discriminating 139 AFLP genotypes. Linkage disequilibrium and phylogeographic analyses support the hypothesis of a reproductive mode that is not strictly clonal. In this regard Chinese isolates from Gansu strongly contrast with the European studies using the same markers. Genetic diversity of this 1 y sampling in Gansu is found to be seven times higher than the one observed in France over 20 y and exhibits lower linkage disequilibrium. The effective population size of the French sample was estimated to be 1000 times smaller than the Gansu population. These results support the hypothesis of large population size as well as the occurrence of genetic recombination, while the importance of Gansu as a main over-summering area requires assessment through larger scale studies.

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“…Studies on pear rust mainly focus on disease distribution, including discovering new infection cases in previously unaffected areas and analyzing the environmental factors contributing to fungal spore distribution and host infection. Three factors are essential in the spread of rust infection: temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation [6,7]. The infection on pear leaves is characterized by bright orange spots, where the spermagonium grows in the middle in small, dark dots [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Leaf Morphological Parameters of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Based on Their Susceptibility to European Pear Rust Caused by Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) Oerst.

Kārkliņa

Lācis

Lāce

2021

Plants

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European pear rust is an important disease; however, the relationship between its causal pathogen Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) Oerst. and host Pyrus communis L. is poorly understood. In this study, disease severity was measured, and leaf samples were collected over three years, and their leaf water content; leaf area; leaf mass per area; and epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular tissue width and stomatal density were measured and compared between susceptible and resistant genotypes for each year. Most genotypes either showed consistent disease symptoms or showed no symptoms during the study in terms of their susceptibility. A correlation between disease severity and mesophyll tissue thickness, and stomatal density and differences between several morphological parameters were found depending on the genotype’s susceptibility. The study showed that the following pear morphological traits were stable between the years: water content, leaf mass per area, spongy mesophyll thickness, phloem thickness, and stomatal density. When selecting for breeding, we found that candidates for traits that discern susceptible genotypes from resistant were mesophyll layer width, stomatal density, epidermis width, and xylem tissue width.

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Wind-dispersed diseases

Cited by 17 publications

References 77 publications

Genetic structure and local adaptation of European wheat yellow rust populations: the role of temperature‐specific adaptation

Genetic structure and local adaptation of European wheat yellow rust populations: the role of temperature‐specific adaptation

Puccinia striiformisf.sp.triticipresents high diversity and recombination in the over-summering zone of Gansu, China

Differences in Leaf Morphological Parameters of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Based on Their Susceptibility to European Pear Rust Caused by Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) Oerst.

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