Wind-driven coastal upwelling along the western boundary of the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon

Shetye, S.R.; Shenoi, S. S. C.; Gouveia, A.D.; Michael, G.S.; Sundar, D.; Nampoothiri, G.

doi:10.1016/0278-4343(91)90042-5

Cited by 310 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An attendant mild upwelling reinforces this physical structure, and the vertical salinity gradient between surface (0 m) and 50 m deep is small (B0.5 psu) in the SW region. Occurrence of mild upwelling along the east coast of India was noticed and it was found that it was mostly confined close to the coast (Murty and Varadachari, 1968;Shetye et al, 1991). The transport of upwelled waters to the surface is hindered by freshwater plume (Gopalakrishna and Sastry, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both river runoff and precipitation are more intense during the SWM (Unger et al, 2003). As a result, salinity of the surface waters is 3 to 7 units lower in the Bay of Bengal than in the adjacent basin, the Arabian Sea (LaViolette, 1967;Varkey et al, 1996), which leads to strong stratification throughout the year (Shetye et al, 1991(Shetye et al, , 1996Shetye, 1993). The Bay of Bengal is traditionally considered to be a region of low biological productivity because of light inhibition resulting from turbidity and cloud cover (Madhupratap et al, 2003, and references therein).…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bay of Bengal is traditionally considered to be a region of low biological productivity because of light inhibition resulting from turbidity and cloud cover (Madhupratap et al, 2003, and references therein). Unlike in the west coast of the Arabian Sea, upwelling in the Bay of Bengal is confined very close to the coast during the SWM (Murty and Varadachari, 1968;Shetye et al, 1991), and offshore Ekman transport of upwelled waters is hindered by equatorward flow of the freshwater plume (Gopalakrishna and Sastry, 1985). Therefore, Prasanna Kumar et al (2002) suggested that the primary production in the Bay of Bengal is strongly controlled by the availability of nutrients.…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> in the west coast of Bay of Bengal

Sarma¹,

Krishna²,

Rao³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TObservations at high spatial resolution (100 )50 km 2 ) in the western continental shelf of Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon, when peak discharge occurs into the Bay through major rivers of the Indian subcontinent, revealed that freshwater discharge exerts dominant control on the inorganic carbon components in surface waters. Lower than present atmospheric pCO 2 levels were found in the northwestern (NW) than southwestern (SW) coastal Bay of Bengal. The pCO 2 levels in the peninsular rivers were an order of magnitude higher (5000Á 17000 matm) than that of atmospheric levels and glacial river Ganges ( Â500 matm). The discharge from the peninsular rivers has a stronger influence in the SW region, whereas the Ganges river discharge has a stronger influences in the NW region. Source or sink of CO 2 in the shelf region depends on the discharged river characteristics and the East India Coastal Current that distributes discharged water along the coast. Although during northeast monsoon, the situation is briefly reversed and the region acts as a sink, and on annual scale, the western Bay of Bengal acts as a source for atmospheric CO 2 than hitherto hypothesised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> in the west coast of Bay of Bengal

Sarma¹,

Krishna²,

Rao³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…This nutrient supply results in the formation of intense localized blooms. Upwelling has been observed along the western boundary of the Bay ( Shetye et al 1991). The Bay is slightly more oxygenated compared to the Arabian Sea.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino sugars in suspended particulate matter from the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon of 2001

et al. 2006

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Amino sugars (AS) are important constituents of organic matter. However, very little is known about their cycling in marine waters. In this research, we assessed the distribution and cycling of these compounds in waters of the Bay of Bengal. For this purpose, samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were collected from 8 depths (surface to 1000 m) at 6 locations during the 166th cruise of the ORV Sagar Kanya in the Bay of Bengal in July/August 2001. The SPM samples were analysed for particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN) and AS concentrations and composition. The AS varied between 0.4 and 17.5 nmol/l. Concentrations were high in the surface waters and generally decreased with increasing depth. AS concentration decreased from the south to north. AS accounted for 0.01 to 0.71% and 0.05 to 2.37% of POC and PN, respectively. Rapid decrease in AS-C% and AS-N% with depth indicates that these compounds were preferentially degraded relative to bulk POC and PN. The composition of AS suggests that glucosamine (GLU-N) and galactosamine (GAL-N) were present in the surface SPM samples, and their abundance decreased from surface downwards. Relatively, low values of GLU-N/GAL-N ratio indicate that the organic matter was mostly derived from the detritus of micro-organisms. Our data suggest that chitin, a polymer of the glucosamine produced by many marine organisms was not the major source of AS in the Bay. Rapid cycling of these compounds indicates their importance in the cycling of nitrogen in marine waters.

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“…This is intriguing considering the fact that there is no evidence of strong upwelling in the Bay of Bengal except for very localized upwelling close to the southwestern boundary during summer (Murty and Varadachari, 1968;Shetye et al, 1991) and that the comparatively weaker winds are unable to break the strong upper ocean stratification through wind-driven mixing. Thus, in the Bay of Bengal the traditional mechanisms of nutrient supply to the oligotrophic upper ocean waters such as wind-driven mixing, upwelling, aeolian dust input, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy-mediated biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal during fall and spring intermonsoons

Kumar

Murukesh

Ramaiah

et al. 2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

181

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The signature of cold-core eddies and their role in altering the biological productivity of the Bay of Bengal was examined using two recent sets of hydrographic data collected along the central and western Bay of Bengal during fall (14 September -12 October, 2002) and spring (12 April -7 May, 2003) intermonsoons under the Bay of Bengal Process Studies (BOBPS) programme. Based on the thermohaline structure and the satellite-derived sea-level anomaly maps 9 cyclonic eddies were identified. Out of this, 4 cyclonic eddies -2 each along the central Bay and along the western boundary -occurred during fall intermonsoon 2002, while 5 occurred -3 along the central Bay and 2 along the western boundary -during spring intermonsoon. The eddy depressed the temperature, which varied from 3 o C to 7 o C at 120 m depth. Maximum depression of temperature was associated with spring-time eddies in the northern Bay, where subsurface stability was low. The reduced water column stability in spring leads to greater eddypumping, thereby cooling the water to a greater extent. However, the cyclonic eddies were unable to break the stratification of the top 20m layer, thereby curtailing their effects below this depth during both seasons. Eddypumping not only cooled the water column but also enhanced the nutrient concentrations. This in turn increased the biological productivity of the Bay to 1½-2 times. In addition, the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM), which is generally located between 40 and 70 m in fall and 60 and 90 m in spring intermonsoons, shallowed under the influence of the eddies and also enhanced the chlorophyll concentration in the SCM to more than double. Thus, eddy-pumping of nutrients controls the biological productivity of the Bay of Bengal during both the seasons. In the fall intermonsoon, however, the riverine input of nutrients and sediments in the northern Bay also plays a role in altering the biological productivity. This has an overall implication to the basin-wide new production and export flux and, at least partly, resolves the reason for the comparable annual fluxes of organic carbon

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Wind-driven coastal upwelling along the western boundary of the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon

Cited by 310 publications

References 17 publications

Sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> in the west coast of Bay of Bengal

Sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> in the west coast of Bay of Bengal

Amino sugars in suspended particulate matter from the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon of 2001

Eddy-mediated biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal during fall and spring intermonsoons

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