Wind Effects on Gas‐Liquid Transfer Coefficients

O’Connor, Donald J.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1983)109:3(731)

Cited by 89 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Because the rate of energy dissipation ε is not calculated in the model, another empirical formula to evaluate the surface mass transfer coefficient, (K L a) s , raised by O'Connor (1983), is employed in the model.…”

Section: J Feng Et Al: Eco-environmentally Friendly Operational Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-environmentally friendly operational regulation: an effective strategy to diminish the TDG supersaturation of reservoirs

Feng

Liang

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The presence of elevated total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of a spillway may result in an increased incidence of gas bubble disease in fish. Supersaturated TDG is transported and dissipated more slowly in reservoirs than in natural rivers because of a higher water depth and lower turbulence and thus endangers fish. This paper presents the operational regulations concerning the mitigation of the TDG supersaturation impact on fish in the Bala Reservoir on the Zumuzu River. The paper includes the joint operations of the upstream and downstream power stations. A laterally averaged two-dimensional model is employed to simulate the TDG transportation and dissipation in the Bala Reservoir in addition to the hydrodynamics and water temperature. According to a comparison of the simulation results of different operational scenarios, this paper suggests a regulation scheme. With respect to the upstream power station, the adoption of an interval-discharge pattern instead of a continuous-discharge pattern is recommended to minimize the negative effect on the reservoir caused by supersaturated TDG. With respect to the downstream power station, the adoption of a surface tunnel rather than a bottom tunnel is recommended as a release structure. This paper is a reference for the eco-environmentally friendly operation of large and deep reservoirs.

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Section: J Feng Et Al: Eco-environmentally Friendly Operational Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-environmentally friendly operational regulation: an effective strategy to diminish the TDG supersaturation of reservoirs

Feng

Liang

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Their main characteristics are shown in Table III. Wanninkhof et al [15] used sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 as a tracer gas in five lakes in North America to derive the following power law equation: Wanninkhof et al [15] Empirical -Field data SF 6 0-8.0 O'Connor [16] Theoretical -…”

Section: Mass-transfer Coefficient For Liquid Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, mass transfer k l increases as Sc decreases and, thus, D m increases. O'Connor has developed a theoretically based set of equations to compute mass-transfer for low-solubility gases, where the liquid film controls mass-transfer and, thus, K L ≈ k l applies, as a function of wind speed V wind-10 [16]. In fact, as wind blows over water, shear is exerted at the airwater interface, which establishes the structure of the boundary layers in both media.…”

Section: Mass-transfer Coefficient For Liquid Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, wind flow on the water is fully established and rough and the gas-transfer rate is [16]: [14] where z e is the equilibrium roughness, that is z e = 0.25 cm, and ν a is kinematic viscosity of air. Thus, at higher wind speeds, the gas-transfer rate depends on the square root of wind velocity.…”

Section: Mass-transfer Coefficient For Liquid Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the mean Schmidt number was computed. The value of the parameters in Equation (13a) are those suggested by O'Connor [16]. To estimate k l with oxygen as the reference substance, the value of k l-O 2 was computed using Equation (15).…”

Section: Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verification of Wind-Driven Volatilization Models

Gualtieri

2006

Environ Fluid Mech

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Mass-transfer processes of paramount importance, such as reaeration and volatilization, occur at the air-water interface. Particularly, volatilization is intensively studied because it can be a relevant removal process for toxic contaminants from flowing and standing surface waters. The paper provides a comparison among predictive equations available from literature for standing waters for the case of MTBE contamination. Most of the considered equations tend to overestimate the volatilization rate, while three equations offer a good fit with the observed data. Finally, these equations are applied to a larger amount of field data.

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A comparison of methods for the measurement of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from surface water reservoirs: Results from an international workshop held at Three Gorges Dam, June 2012

Zhao

Sherman

Ford

et al. 2015

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from hydroelectric and water supply reservoirs are receiving increasing attention around the world with a number of research groups having undertaken measurements of these emissions across a range of lakes and reservoirs located in different climates and landscapes. The use of floating chambers (aka flux chambers) is the most common technique for direct measurement of these fluxes. However, the relative performance of different measurement systems, especially different chamber designs, is not well documented. We report the results of an international workshop held in June 2012 at Three Gorges Dam, China, to compare measurements performed by four groups with extensive chamber monitoring experience: the Chinese Academy of Science (China), CSIRO (Australia), SINTEF (Norway), Hydro‐Québec/Environnement Illimité (Canada). A fifth group, Eawag (Switzerland), performed hydroacoustic surveys to detect ebullition in the water column. We recommend CH4 as a more suitable trace gas for comparing methodologies due to its relative stability in the surface layer of the water column, for example, it is not subject to significant diurnal changes due to photosynthesis and respiration. Measured fluxes agreed to within 20% between the four teams suggesting that the shape and dimensions of the floating chambers and the chamber gas flow rates (i.e., chamber residence time) did not have an appreciable systematic effect on the measured fluxes for the relatively low wind speeds prevalent at the reservoir. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes measured during the workshop agree well with previous measurements in Three Gorges Reservoir.

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Wind Effects on Gas‐Liquid Transfer Coefficients

Cited by 89 publications

References 20 publications

Eco-environmentally friendly operational regulation: an effective strategy to diminish the TDG supersaturation of reservoirs

Eco-environmentally friendly operational regulation: an effective strategy to diminish the TDG supersaturation of reservoirs

Verification of Wind-Driven Volatilization Models

A comparison of methods for the measurement of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from surface water reservoirs: Results from an international workshop held at Three Gorges Dam, June 2012

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Wind Effects on Gas‐Liquid Transfer Coefficients

Cited by 89 publications

References 20 publications

Eco-environmentally friendly operational regulation: an effective strategy to diminish the TDG supersaturation of reservoirs

Eco-environmentally friendly operational regulation: an effective strategy to diminish the TDG supersaturation of reservoirs

Verification of Wind-Driven Volatilization Models

A comparison of methods for the measurement of CO2 and CH4 emissions from surface water reservoirs: Results from an international workshop held at Three Gorges Dam, June 2012

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A comparison of methods for the measurement of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from surface water reservoirs: Results from an international workshop held at Three Gorges Dam, June 2012