Wind energy development in Pakistan

Mirza, Umar Karim; Ahmad, Nasir; Majeed, T.; Harijan, Khanji

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.03.003

Cited by 113 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As a result of these policies, Pakistan's present electricity generation is mainly from oil and gas with a very limited contribution from coal-fired plants. In order to avoid the power generation sector being vulnerable to the global energy market, it is inevitable to transform country's generation mix [36,37]. The amount of energy import forecasted for Pakistan by various researchers shows that the country will face serious challenges with regards to energy supply and price shocks in future.…”

Section: Historical Energy Demand and Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Energy planning and policy development require an in-depth assessment of energy resources and long-term demand forecast estimates. Pakistan, unfortunately, lacks reliable data on its energy resources as well do not have dependable long-term energy demand forecasts. As a result, the policy makers could not come up with an effective energy policy in the history of the country. Energy demand forecast has attained greatest ever attention in the perspective of growing population and diminishing fossil fuel resources. In this study, Pakistan's energy demand forecast for electricity, natural gas, oil, coal and LPG across all the sectors of the economy have been undertaken. Three different energy demand forecasting methodologies, i.e., Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Holt-Winter and Long-range Energy Alternate Planning (LEAP) model were used. The demand forecast estimates of each of these methods were compared using annual energy demand data. The results of this study suggest that ARIMA is more appropriate for energy demand forecasting for Pakistan compared to Holt-Winter model and LEAP model. It is estimated that industrial sector's demand shall be highest in the year 2035 followed by transport and domestic sectors. The results further suggest that energy fuel mix will change considerably, such that oil will be the most highly consumed energy form (38.16%) followed by natural gas (36.57%), electricity (16.22%), coal (7.52%) and LPG (1.52%) in 2035. In view of higher demand forecast of fossil fuels consumption, this study recommends that government should take the initiative for harnessing renewable energy resources for meeting future energy demand to not only avert huge import bill but also achieving energy security and sustainability in the long run.

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Section: Historical Energy Demand and Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan

et al. 2017

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“…km. The country is categorized into four provinces namely Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Baluchistan and Punjab [22,37]. Pakistan receives high intensity solar radiations due to its unique geographical location and favorable climatic conditions [23].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Remote Sensing for Identification of Solar Potential Sites in Pakistan

Basir

Aziz

Ahmad

et al. 2013

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Renewable energy sources and technologies have the potential to provide solutions to the long-standing energy problems being faced by the developing countries like Pakistan. Pakistan is endowed with various renewable energy resources such as solar, hydal, wind, biofuel and geothermal. It can earn dividends if these resources are explored, exploited and developed. Pakistan lies in an area of one of the highest solar insulation in the world. The aim of this paper was to identify the areas receiving maximum solar radiation in Pakistan by studying the cloud cover on Pakistan in June, July and August (Monsoon period having maximum clouds) in [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009] and highlighting the use of Remote Sensing in Harnessing the renewable energy resources. The results indicated that Multan and Dera Gazi Khan had the minimum cloud cover on both seasonal and yearly basis. Many locations in Baluchistan, Punjab and Sindh province (Costal Area) also have a great potential for solar energy. This vast potential can be exploited to overcome the energy shortage as the promotion, management and deployment of indigenous energy resources is an obligatory requirement to address the climate change, energy security and sustainable development issues.

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“…Secondly, as far as choosing the variables (barriers) is concerned, due to the difficulty of data collection, a complex model might not necessarily contribute to the development of wind energy in developing countries; on the contrary, a clear and simple result of the analysis provides better clearer insights. Therefore, this study selected important developing countries over the last six years and their wind energy development-related issues [1,8,9,12,14,17,22,26,28,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51], in order to inspect common obstacles from the economic, social, technological, policy and environmental dimensions, which focused on 11 issues: the policy aspect-the lack of national policies and appropriate power purchase agreements (PPA); the economic aspect-the lack of fiscal incentives and high investment costs; the social aspect-the lack of social promotional measures with local infrastructure deficiencies; the technical aspect-insufficient R&D capabilities, lack of projects and technology information, and necessary equipment for wind energy; and the environmental aspect-limitations over site availability, and the wind energy intermittency. Some other issues such as country-specific and region-specific barriers (for example: hurricanes, dust storms, etc.…”

Section: Research On Choices Of Variables (Barriers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Namely, aside from the decision maker's determination for RE development, the enhancement of the integration of the electricity grid, expansion of infrastructure, and increased industrial innovative ability seem to be the priorities for China's future development of wind energy. Other related researches include the development of wind energy in the past, present and future [22,43], the potential of wind energy and strategies to promote RE market penetration [1,26,44],the restrictions of RE technology applications and coping measures [8,45], the potential of RE development, its current status and future prospects [46][47][48][49], the analysis of RE technology feasibility and the importance of public awareness [9], RE technology applied in rural areas [50], and clean energy and responses to energy-efficient technological improvement and obstacles [51]. In summary, if policy makers are determined to promote the penetration of RE, in addition to the necessary innovative policy framework, future areas that decision-makers should endeavor to address included the related technologies (i.e., the information of wind energy development and technology), the environment (i.e., the usability of the site), and social factors (i.e., public education and improvement of public awareness).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Re-Explore the Causality between Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: A Case Study of Wind Energy

Huang

Lin

2013

Energies

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Abstract:The development of wind energy in developing countries has its limitations. This study adapted quantitative approaches to explore the causality relationships among these barriers. It was found that different areas of obstacles did affect one another; by barrier inference we learned that a lack of national policy caused other disorders, and that the occurrence of these disorders eventually resulted either directly or indirectly in high investment costs. Thus, the question of how to effectively reduce the investment cost of wind energy development is the most important issue to developing countries. Furthermore, the results of this study clarified that wind intermittency would not be the main reason hindering short and mid-term wind power development. However, from a long-term perspective, the impact of intermittency still cannot be treated lightly, as it was found that for each standard deviation unit improvement of the intermittency, the investment cost-effectiveness improvement increased by 0.185 σ, which was 1.78 times higher than the impact from national policies. Therefore, aside from strengthening the national policies in establishing a suitable institutional framework, we recommend that policy-makers should also emphasize the establishment of an economic assessment of available sites, a detailed wind resource assessment and improved forecasting of technical applications.

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Wind energy development in Pakistan

Cited by 113 publications

References 2 publications

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan

Satellite Remote Sensing for Identification of Solar Potential Sites in Pakistan

To Re-Explore the Causality between Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: A Case Study of Wind Energy

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