Wind energy in Poland – History, current state, surveys, Renewable Energy Sources Act, SWOT analysis

Igliński, Bartłomiej; Iglińska, Anna; Koziński, Grzegorz Jan; Skrzatek, Mateusz; Buczkowski, Roman

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.081

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the energy generated by a selected wind turbine can be estimated based on following formula (2) The energy flow in the hybrid energy source and the remaining components (load, NPS) are determined based on the relation between its supply (PV and WT generation) and demand (load). When the supply is greater than demand, energy surplus occurs and can be stored in the upper reservoir, or has to be sent to the NPS if the PSH storage capacity is not sufficient.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the recent years Poland has followed the global trends and systematically enriched its coal dominated energy portfolio with renewable energy sources (RES) -mainly wind and biomass [1,2]. This change, transformation (or, as one might even say, return) to the use of distributed energy sources which was known at the beginning of the era of electricity is driven mainly by an increasing awareness of the human causes of climate change [3], decreases in renewable energy costs [4], increases in RES performance [5], and the imposition of CO 2 emission limits [6] (which are especially acute for countries with energy system based on combusting peat, lignite, hard coal or (shale) oil).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

Jurasz¹,

Mikulik²

2017

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper introduces a mixed integer non-linear mathematical model for a simulation of a hybrid energy source consisting of photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT) and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PSH). The concept of PV-WT-PSH has been well described and evaluated for sparsely populated or remote areas such as islands. Here, due to the rapid development of renewable energy sources and most importantly the variable (non-dispatchable) energy sources such as wind and solar, the idea of wind and solar powered PSHs has been investigated in the context of the national energy system. The economic and environmental impact of the proposed hybrid has been assessed. The results reveal that to cover almost 40% of the energy demand one should expect the energy cost to increase by 25%. Due to the usually limited natural resources available for island communities and the need to transport goods (such as oil or coal) from the continent (which increases their cost) and often very favorable solar and wind conditions, RES could easily compete economically with conventional power sources. But one would have to overcome the same problems which we face nowadays with the integration of RES, namely, their variable and non-dispatchable nature. As has already been mentioned, several approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] can be applied, but the concept which incorporates at least three of them is a hybrid of photovoltaic (solar power), wind turbine and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PV-WT-PSH).Coupled wind and solar power sources tend to exhibit lower variability and it is well known that on an annual time scale they exhibit a strong complementarity [11,12,[21][22][23][24]. The concept of the temporal complementarity of a dual energy source can be explained by means of two sine functions which depict their variation in energy output; in the case of perfect temporal complementarity they will be out of phase with each other by π/2, or in other words they have a very strong (˗1) negative correlation. However, perfect complementarity is very unlikely, and on a shorter time scale (days, hours) it is almost non-existent. In consequence, periods will occur with no energy available from either wind or solar generation. The opposite may occur when both sources simultaneously generate energy at their nameplate capacity. In general, the ambitious goal of meeting demand purely using VRES would require the whole system to be oversized, which will intrinsically lead to significant energy surpluses.Therefore there arises a need to somehow transfer the energy in time, meaning that surpluses occurring in period t might be used in period t + x. This can be done by means of energy storage. The most mature (and practically the only) bulk energy storage technology is PSH, which uses the elevation difference between an upper and a lower reservoir to store excess energy and release it when the generation from WT and PV is not sufficient to cover demand. It is important to note that in the

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Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

Jurasz¹,

Mikulik²

2017

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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“…The aim of work was to present the history, current state, technical potential, SWOT analysis and environmental aspects of hydro energy in Poland. The work is also the last part of my articles describing renewable energy in Poland: bioenergy (Igliński et al 2011), geoenergy (Igliński et al 2012), helioenergy (Igliński et al 2016a) and aeroenergy (Igliński et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro energy in Poland: the history, current state, potential, SWOT analysis, environmental aspects

Igliński

2019

Int J Energ Water Res

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The history of hydro energy in Poland was shown in the article. The first mills were built in the ninth century and the first hydro energy plant was opened in 1896. In 1935, there were 8000 water energy plants and dozen other installations using water energy. War action and nationalisation have caused the crash of hydro energy in Poland. At the moment, there are 761 water energy plants amounting to 994 MW. The Lower Vistula Cascade was described but also use of water for energy purposes in heat plants and waste treatment plants. Technical potential of hydro energy is major. Using already exciting heaps (there are 16,005), it is possible to obtain 14.27 PJ. SWOT analysis has shown that hydro energy in Poland is a wellmastered technology and allows small water retention. Investing in hydro energy in Poland requires a lot of documents. In addition, energetic law is constantly changing. Influence of hydro energy on environment was presented. It was concluded that small hydro energy development is definitely advised in Poland. Small hydro energy stations allow to produce energy and allow small retention in steppe Poland.

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“…Among the RES technologies, wind turbines show the largest installed capacity. In 2015, the installed capacity of onshore wind power plants in Poland reached 5.1 GW [4] and over 143 GW in EU [2]. This represents 70% and 40% of the installed capacity of all RES [2,4], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, the installed capacity of onshore wind power plants in Poland reached 5.1 GW [4] and over 143 GW in EU [2]. This represents 70% and 40% of the installed capacity of all RES [2,4], respectively. At the end of 2015, the installed capacity of wind power plants around the world was equal to 432 GW [5], and, in 2016, it was already 456 GW [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the PROSA Method in Offshore Wind Farm Location Problems

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Wind is the most used renewable energy source (RES) in the European Union and Poland. Due to the legal changes in the scope of RES in Poland, there are plans to develop offshore wind farms at the expense of onshore ones. On the other hand, the success of an offshore wind farm is primarily determined by its location. Therefore, the aim of this study is to select offshore wind farm locations in Poland, based on sustainability assessment, which is an inherent aspect of RES decision-making issues. To accomplish the objectives of this research, PROSA (PROMETHEE for Sustainability Assessment) method, a new multi-criteria method is proposed. Like PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation), PROSA is transparent for decision makers and is easy to use; moreover, it provides the analytical tools available in PROMETHEE, i.e., the sensitivity and GAIA (Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Assistance) analyses. However, PROSA is characterized by a lower degree of criteria compensation than PROMETHEE. Thus, it adheres in a higher degree to the strong sustainability paradigm. The study also compared the solutions of the decision problem obtained with the use of PROSA and PROMETHEE methods. The compared methods demonstrated a high concurrence of the recommended decision-making variant of location selection, from methodological and practical points of view. At the same time, the conducted research allowed to confirm that the PROSA method recommends more sustainable decision-making variants, and that the ranking it builds is less sensitive to changes in criteria weights. Therefore, it is more stable than the PROMETHEE-based ranking.

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Wind energy in Poland – History, current state, surveys, Renewable Energy Sources Act, SWOT analysis

Cited by 73 publications

References 33 publications

Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

Hydro energy in Poland: the history, current state, potential, SWOT analysis, environmental aspects

Using the PROSA Method in Offshore Wind Farm Location Problems

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