Wind Erosion and Fugitive Dust Fluxes on Agricultural Lands in the Pacific Northwest

Saxton, K. E.; Chandler, D. G.; Stetler, Larry D.; Lamb, Brian; Claiborn, Candis; Lee, B. H.

doi:10.13031/2013.2743

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For validation of dust emission models, there is a need for coupled horizontal and vertical erosion flux measurements (Alfaro et al, 2002;Saxton et al, 2000). This requires performing vertical dust flux measurements in field studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Zobeck

Sterk

Funk

et al. 2003

Earth Surf Processes Landf

178

107

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Accurate and reliable methods of measuring windblown sediment are needed to confirm, validate, and improve erosion models, assess the intensity of aeolian processes and related damage, determine the source of pollutants, and for other applications. This paper outlines important principles to consider in conducting field-scale wind erosion studies and proposes strategies of field data collection for use in model validation and development. Detailed discussions include consideration of field characteristics, sediment sampling, and meteorological stations. The field shape used in field-scale wind erosion research is generally a matter of preference and in many studies may not have practical significance. Maintaining a clear nonerodible boundary is necessary to accurately determine erosion fetch distance. A field length of about 300 m may be needed in many situations to approach transport capacity for saltation flux in bare agricultural fields. Field surface conditions affect the wind profile and other processes such as sediment emission, transport, and deposition and soil erodibility. Knowledge of the temporal variation in surface conditions is necessary to understand aeolian processes. Temporal soil properties that impact aeolian processes include surface roughness, dry aggregate size distribution, dry aggregate stability, and crust characteristics. Use of a portable 2 tall anemometer tower should be considered to quantify variability of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness caused by surface conditions in field-scale studies. The types of samplers used for sampling aeolian sediment will vary depending upon the type of sediment to be measured. The Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and Modified Wilson and Cooke (MWAC) samplers appear to be the most popular for field studies of saltation. Suspension flux may be measured with commercially available instruments after modifications are made to ensure isokinetic conditions at high wind speeds. Meteorological measurements should include wind speed and direction, air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, rain amount, soil temperature and moisture. Careful consideration of the climatic, sediment, and soil surface characteristics observed in future field-scale wind erosion studies will ensure maximum use of the data collected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Zobeck

Sterk

Funk

et al. 2003

Earth Surf Processes Landf

178

107

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“…Dry soil particles were uplifted from the surface by aerodynamic forces under strong winds, generating dust emission. The uplift of particles or initiation of wind erosion generally occurs at wind speeds above 7 m s −1 (Saxton et al, 2000;Sharratt et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2015). Figure 6 presents the spatial distribution of maximum wind speed above 7 m s −1 under the observed synoptic conditions in East Asia at the meteorological stations during 2-7 May 2017.…”

Section: Distribution Of Maximum Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A severe dust storm event originated from the Gobi Desert in Central and East Asia during 2–7 May 2017. Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, hourly environmental monitoring measurements from Chinese cities and East Asian meteorological observation stations, and numerical simulations, we analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of this dust event as well as its associated impact on the Asia-Pacific region. The maximum observed hourly PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) concentration was above 1000 µg m−3 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and Langfang and above 2000 µg m−3 in Erdos, Hohhot, Baotou, and Alxa in northern China. This dust event affected over 8.35 million km2, or 87 % of the Chinese mainland, and significantly deteriorated air quality in 316 cities of the 367 cities examined across China. The maximum surface wind speed during the dust storm was 23–24 m s−1 in the Mongolian Gobi Desert and 20–22 m s−1 in central Inner Mongolia, indicating the potential source regions of this dust event. Lidar-derived vertical dust profiles in Beijing, Seoul, and Tokyo indicated dust aerosols were uplifted to an altitude of 1.5–3.5 km, whereas simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated 20.4 and 5.3 Tg of aeolian dust being deposited respectively across continental Asia and the North Pacific Ocean. According to forward trajectory analysis by the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion (FLEXPART) model, the East Asian dust plume moved across the North Pacific within a week. Dust concentrations decreased from the East Asian continent across the Pacific Ocean from a magnitude of 103 to 10−5 µg m−3, while dust deposition intensity ranged from 104 to 10−1 mg m−2. This dust event was unusual due to its impact on continental China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and the North Pacific Ocean. Asian dust storms such as those observed in early May 2017 may lead to wider climate forcing on a global scale.

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“…These airborne dust particles exceed the average acceptable daily limits of 150 µg m −3 . Blowing dust poses traffic hazards due to low visibility and can be a human health risk when inhaled into the lungs [12]. Dust also can drift into furrows, increasing the amount of soil that the wheat must emerge through, thereby hindering seedling emergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability of Wheat Cultivars to a Late-Planted No-Till Fallow Production System

2011

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Abstract:In Washington, over fifty percent of the wheat produced under rainfed conditions receives less than 300 mm of annual precipitation. Hence, a winter wheat-summer fallow cropping system has been adopted to obtain adequate moisture for winter wheat production. Current tilled fallow systems are exposed to significant soil degradation from wind and water erosion. As a result, late-planted no-till fallow systems are being evaluated to mitigate erosion concerns. The objective of this study was to evaluate current cultivars under late-planted no-till fallow systems to identify whether current breeding schemes in tilled fallow systems could select productive cultivars in late-planted no-till fallow systems. Thirty cultivars were planted in a split-plot design with fallow type as the main plot and genotype as the sub-plot. Fallow types evaluated were a tilled fallow system and a late planted no-till fallow system. Data were collected on heading date, plant height, grain volume weight, grain yield, and grain protein content. Analysis of variance was conducted on data across locations. Results were significant for all traits except for grain protein content. The late-planted no-till fallow system headed 16 days later was 5 cm shorter, yielded 36% less, and had a grain volume weight 3% less than the tilled fallow system. The lower yield and grain volume weight potential is hypothesized to be due to the 16 day delay in heading date leading to warmer temperatures during grain fill and a shorter duration. In order to breed wheat to be highly productive under a late-planted no-till fallow OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2011, 3 1225 system, directly selecting in this system for early spring growth and earlier heading dates will be essential.

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Wind Erosion and Fugitive Dust Fluxes on Agricultural Lands in the Pacific Northwest

Cited by 88 publications

References 19 publications

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

Adaptability of Wheat Cultivars to a Late-Planted No-Till Fallow Production System

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