Wind‐forced dynamics at the estuary‐shelf interface of a large coastal plain estuary

Janzen, C.; Wong, Kuo‐Chuin

doi:10.1029/2001jc000959

Cited by 74 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This influence of along-estuary wind stress on subtidal fluctuations in the Delaware Estuary is consistent with the findings of Janzen and Wong [14].…”

Section: Dye Study 1997supporting

confidence: 81%

Exploring Localized Mixing Dynamics during Wet Weather in a Tidal Fresh Water System

Stammermann

Duzinski

2014

JMSE

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A recently validated 3-dimensional implementation of the Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) for the tidal-fresh portions of the Delaware Estuary was exercised against the results of a dye release from a sewer outfall during a storm. The influence on dye distribution in the estuary resulting from variations in wind and local storm water discharges in an urban area is investigated. The modeled domain stretches 116 km from the head of tide and includes hydrologic input from 33 streams and a number of municipal and industrial discharges. Bottom roughness was parameterized from sedimentological and geophysical surveys. Model validation to-date relies upon field observations and tidal harmonics for sea level and currents derived from the NOAA-NOS 1984-1985 circulation survey and a current survey conducted by the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD). Model representation of dye distribution compared favorably for observations of concentrations in the dye plume from 10 cross-sections spanning the extent of the plume over seven tidal cycles. The dye distribution was characterized by an initial period of high local storm water and stream inflows with low wind conditions, lasting for several tidal cycles, followed by a period of reduced fresh water input and increasing wind stress. The dye experiment provided a unique opportunity to observe the performance of the model OPEN ACCESS J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2014, 2 387 through the transition between these two very different meteorological periods, and to explore the physical conditions driving the hydrodynamics through both observations and numerical experiments. The influences of local meteorological forcing and channel morphology on lateral mixing, dispersion and longitudinal dynamics are characterized.

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“…This influence of along-estuary wind stress on subtidal fluctuations in the Delaware Estuary is consistent with the findings of Janzen and Wong [14].…”

Section: Dye Study 1997supporting

confidence: 81%

Exploring Localized Mixing Dynamics during Wet Weather in a Tidal Fresh Water System

Stammermann

Duzinski

2014

JMSE

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“…Remote winds generally have greater effects than local winds on the barotropic exchange at the mouth and on water level in the estuary (Wang and Elliott 1978;Wang 1979;Garvine 1985;Wong and Moses-Hall 1998;Wong and Valle-Levinson 2002). However, the vertical exchange flow driven by local winds can alter the residual velocity and stratification and at times can create salt flux comparable to or greater than that due to baroclinic forcing (Weisberg 1976;Wang 1979;van de Kreeke and Robaczewska 1989;Noble et al 1996;Geyer 1997;Janzen and Wong 2002;Wong and Valle-Levinson 2002). Wind effects are typically in the meteorological frequency band, with periods of 2 to 5 days, and can be highly seasonal depending on prevailing wind orientation, frequency of wind events, and background stratification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

Ralston

Geyer

Lerczak

2008

Journal of Physical Oceanography

170

159

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A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and alongestuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring-neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate.

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“…a downwind current near the surface and a flow in the opposite direction below (Officer 1976). In spite of the importance of remote forcing, local wind stress can be very significant (Wong & Moses-Hall 1998, Janzen & Wong 2002. Therefore, westerly winds may (1) concentrate a surface larval pool at the entrance of the Bay of Cádiz, and (2) transport these larvae into the bay, assuming that ocean-bay exchange follows the pattern above.…”

Section: Shelf and Coastal Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shelf and estuarine transport mechanisms affecting the supply of competent larvae in a suite of brachyuran crabs with different life histories

Olaguer-Feliú

Flores²,

Queiroga³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Supply of competent larvae to the benthic habitat is a major determinant of population dynamics in coastal and estuarine invertebrates with an indirect life cycle. Larval delivery may depend not only on physical transport mechanisms, but also on larval behavior and physiological progress to the competent stage. Yet, the combined analysis of such factors has seldom been attempted. We used time-series analyses to examine tide-and wind-driven mechanisms responsible for the supply of crab megalopae to an estuarine river under a major marine influence in SW Spain, and monitored the vertical distribution of upstream moving megalopae, their net flux and competent state. The species Panopeus africanus (estuarine), Brachynotus sexdentatus (euryhaline) and Nepinnotheres pinnotheres (coastal) comprised 80% of the whole sample, and responded in a similar way to tide and wind forcing. Tidal range was positively correlated to supply, with maxima 0 to 1 d after spring tides, suggesting selective tidal stream transport. Despite being extensively subjected to upwelling, downwind drift under the effect of westerlies, not Ekman transport, explained residual supply variation at our sampling area. Once in the estuary, net flux and competence state matched the expected trends. Net upstream flux increased from B. sexdentatus to P. africanus, favoring transport to a sheltered coastal habitat (N. pinnotheres), or to the upper estuary (P. africanus). Competence state was highest in N. pinnotheres, intermediate in B. sexdentatus and lowest in P. africanus, as expected if larvae respond to cues from adequate benthic habitat. P. africanus megalopae were found close to the bottom, not above, rendering slower upstream transport than anticipated. KEY WORDS: Upwelling · Ekman transport · Downwind drift · Selective tidal stream transport · Larval net flux · Bay of Cádiz Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 410: [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141] 2010 1988, Palmer et al. 1996) makes dispersal neutral or even disadvantageous (Strathmann et al. 2002). An ontogenetic migration function has been hypothesized to better explain larval offshore exportation (Strathmann et al. 2002). Offshore migration of early life-cycle stages would reduce predation, expose larvae to a more tolerable environmental variability and, occasionally, diminish food competition with benthic suspension feeders in coastal or estuarine areas. Still, the migration back to adult habitats depends on how far the larvae migrate from the parental area, their behavioral capabilities and the water current patterns they are exposed to (Sponaugle et al. 2002).As coastal (Caley et al. 1996, Armsworth 2002) and estuarine (Bilton et al. 2002) benthic populations may often be recruitment-limited, larval supply and settlement success are critical processes for their maintenance (Gaines & Roughgarden 1985, Roughgarden et al. 1988. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for...

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Wind‐forced dynamics at the estuary‐shelf interface of a large coastal plain estuary

Cited by 74 publications

References 39 publications

Exploring Localized Mixing Dynamics during Wet Weather in a Tidal Fresh Water System

Exploring Localized Mixing Dynamics during Wet Weather in a Tidal Fresh Water System

Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

Shelf and estuarine transport mechanisms affecting the supply of competent larvae in a suite of brachyuran crabs with different life histories

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