Wind‐Modulated Western Maine Coastal Current and Its Connectivity With the Eastern Maine Coastal Current

Abstract

As sketched in Figure 1a, the EMCC starts with the outflows from the Bay of Fundy (BoF) on either side of the Grand Manan Island. It is normally fresher and colder than the ambient waters in the gulf and can be well mixed down to 50 m due to inflows of Scotian Shelf Water (SSW) and strong tidal mixing (

Fates of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Gulf of Maine

“…The light-absorbing fraction of tDOC (tCDOC) can be photomineralized, and this process is modeled based on the quantity of photons reaching the top of the finite element (eq ). The attenuation of solar radiation is determined by both the depth of the top of the finite element and water clarity . Photomineralization is assumed not to occur when the depth of tDOC exceeds 200 m because ultraviolet solar radiation is believed not to reach such depths. tDOC pm = ∑ tCDOC × e − ( d D ) × δ × ∫ 290 490 ( γ ) d r where tDOC pm is the quantity of tCDOC that is photomineralized in a finite element over a specific hour, ∑tCDOC is the total tCDOC within this finite element, d (m) is the depth of the finite element, and D (200 m) is the maximum ocean depth at which tCDOC can be photomineralized.…”

“…The CPT model covers the entire GoM, with horizontal resolution that varies from 200 m near shore to 6000 m closer to the open ocean boundary (see Figure S2, Supporting Information). Vertically, its resolution spans from a single layer to up to 70 layers, 41 dividing the ocean water into finite elements (3D computational units) (see Figure S3, Supporting Information). A localized sigma coordinate system determines the number of vertical layers and the depth of each layer.…”

“…A localized sigma coordinate system determines the number of vertical layers and the depth of each layer. When the ocean depth is equal to or less than 1 m, 41 a single vertical layer is applied.…”

“…The attenuation of solar radiation is determined by both the depth of the top of the finite element and water clarity. 41 Photomineralization is assumed not to occur when the depth of tDOC exceeds 200 m because ultraviolet solar radiation is believed not to reach such depths.…”

“…41 These include observed sea surface height time-series data sets from six tide gauge stations; water temperature, salinity, and velocity data from six buoys; composite temperature and salinity characteristics from 1965 conductivity, temperature, and depth stations; as well as spatial distributions of velocity along 84 acoustic Doppler current profiler transects in the GoM from 2014 to 2017. 41 However, no benchmarks were available for validating the ocean section. Despite this, a comparison of our modeled fates of tDOC in the GoM with outcomes from similar studies suggests that our model results are reasonable.…”