Wind protection rather than soil water availability contributes to the restriction of high-mountain forest to ravines

Sparacino, Javier; Renison, Daniel; Devegili, Andrés M.; Suarez, Ricardo

doi:10.1007/s11056-019-09722-z

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Wind stress was consistently prominent in explaining fine‐scale spatial variation in species richness, vegetation cover, and species composition, as evidenced both by models including wind stress performing better than models without wind stress and by wind stress repeatedly having among the highest relative importance values. These results agree with findings across broader scales, where, for example, wind protection is important in determining the distribution of high‐altitude forests and tree sapling growth (Sparacino et al., 2020), and wind patterns improved the accuracy of future temperature forecasts and resulting predictions of climate refugia (Ashcroft et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Nevertheless, wind is seldom considered as a driver of fine‐scale variation in community patterns (see review by Gardner et al., 2019), and despite technological advances that have improved measurement and modelling of wind conditions, little work has recently examined the influence of wind on plant communities (although, see, e.g. Fitzgerald & Kirkpatrick, 2017; Sun et al., 2019; Sparacino et al., 2020; and Table 1). In addition, the reciprocal effect of vegetation on wind patterns has also attracted limited attention (although see, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposing wind stress as a driver of fine‐scale variation in plant communities

et al. 2021

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The effects of temperature and precipitation, and the impacts of changes in these climatic conditions, on plant communities have been investigated extensively. The roles of other climatic factors are, however, comparatively poorly understood, despite potentially also strongly structuring community patterns. Wind, for example, is seldom considered when forecasting species responses to climate change, despite having direct physiological and mechanical impacts on plants. It is, therefore, important to understand the magnitude of potential impacts of changing wind conditions on plant communities, particularly given that wind patterns are shifting globally. Here, we examine the relationship between wind stress (i.e. a combination of wind exposure and wind speed) and species richness, vegetation cover and community composition using fine‐scale, field‐collected data from 1,440 quadrats in a windy sub‐Antarctic environment. Wind stress was consistently a strong predictor of all three community characteristics, even after accounting for other potentially ecophysiologically important variables, including pH, potential direct incident solar radiation, winter and summer soil temperature, soil moisture, soil depth and rock cover. Plant species richness peaked at intermediate wind stress, and vegetation cover was highest in plots with the greatest wind stress. Community composition was also related to wind stress, and, after the influence of soil moisture and pH, had a similar strength of effect as winter soil temperature. Synthesis. Wind conditions are, therefore, clearly related to plant community characteristics in this ecosystem that experiences chronic winds. Based on these findings, wind conditions require greater attention when examining environment–community relationships, and changing wind patterns should be explicitly considered in climate change impact predictions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposing wind stress as a driver of fine‐scale variation in plant communities

et al. 2021

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“…Algunos de estos cambios podrían ser, la menor incidencia del viento e insolación, la mayor retención de agua y temperatura alrededor del plantín. Se conoce que estas condiciones más favorables de micrositio pueden ser determinantes para el desempeño de los plantines (Schönbeck et al, 2015;Loranger et al, 2017;Sparacino et al, 2020). En sistemas en restauración similares a los del presente trabajo, aun sin presencia de hormigas cortadoras, se ha observado que las protecciones plásticas alrededor de plantines de Polylepis australis resultan beneficiosas para su establecimiento al protegerlos de los fuertes vientos presentes en la zona (Renison et al, 2002;Sparacino et al, 2020).…”

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“…Se conoce que estas condiciones más favorables de micrositio pueden ser determinantes para el desempeño de los plantines (Schönbeck et al, 2015;Loranger et al, 2017;Sparacino et al, 2020). En sistemas en restauración similares a los del presente trabajo, aun sin presencia de hormigas cortadoras, se ha observado que las protecciones plásticas alrededor de plantines de Polylepis australis resultan beneficiosas para su establecimiento al protegerlos de los fuertes vientos presentes en la zona (Renison et al, 2002;Sparacino et al, 2020). En lo que respecta a las especies de interés para el presente trabajo, no se ha encontrado mayor información respecto a las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento para escallonia (Escallonia cordobensis), mientras que para maitén (Maytenus boaria) se menciona la posibilidad de que requiera protección por parte de la vegetación circundante para poder tolerar las condiciones abióticas desfavorables del área (Marro et al, 2017).…”

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Evaluación de una técnica de protección física en el éxito de establecimiento de dos especies leñosas nativas en zonas con hormigas cortadoras

Arriaga

Torres²,

Renison³

2021

Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.

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Introducción y objetivos: La restauración de bosques en sitios degradados por actividades antrópicas es una actividad importante en el manejo de sistemas montanos. Aún hace falta investigación tendiente a reducir el efecto de la herbivoría y de las condiciones ambientales hostiles sobre el establecimiento de plantines de árboles. Nos propusimos evaluar la efectividad de una protección física usando tubos de policloruro de vinilo (PVC) en la plantación de dos especies arbóreas nativas de las Sierras de Córdoba (Argentina) en un área con presencia de hormigas cortadoras. M&M: Las especies de estudio fueron escallonia (Escallonia cordobensis) y maitén (Maytenus boaria). El área de plantación estuvo a 1840 m snm. Usamos 230 plantines por especie, 100 de ellos con y 130 sin protección de PVC. Fueron plantadas durante la estación húmeda en sitios con vegetación baja. Medimos semestralmente y por dos años la altura, la supervivencia y los daños por herbivoría. Resultados: Para escallonia y maitén, respectivamente, la protección aumentó la supervivencia a los dos años en 24 y 26%, aumentó la altura en 7,3 y 12,6 cm, y redujo la herbivoría por hormigas cortadoras en 30 y 51% en comparación con los plantines sin protección. Conclusiones: El efecto favorable de las protecciones en la supervivencia y crecimiento podría deberse conjuntamente a la disminución de la herbivoría por hormigas cortadoras y al resguardo contra las condiciones abióticas desfavorables. Recomendamos estudios de más años, y tendientes a entender los mecanismos que subyacen a la mejora en el establecimiento de los plantines.

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“…When the transition from the wet to the dry period occurs, they generate a decrease in leaf water potential and to preserve the soil-vegetation-atmosphere relationship, the plants decrease their osmotic potential and thus mitigate water loss and their tolerance to stress (Morgan, 1984); (Aranda et al, 2005). Water availability is a major constraint to plant growth in dry and seasonally dry regions, as in much of the Andean subtropical and tropical range (Sparacino et al, 2020). The movement of water bodies is a consequence of the intensity of the gradient, and modulated by the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (Hernández & Medina, 2012;Aranda et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Status of Polylepis Forests Related to Altitudinal Gradient, Microclimate Variables and Slope

Yaranga¹,

Arizapana-Almonacid²,

Orellana³

et al. 2021

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The Polylepis forests in the central Andes of Peru remain in hostile environments due to their location above 4000 meters of altitude. They are home to a great biodiversity with a high level of endemism and are extremely vulnerable to climate change and human pressure. Variations in rainfall and temperature have been affecting plant health. These aspects have led to the analysis of the physiological response of plants through water stress and NDVI, in dry periods and related to altitudinal gradients and slope, of five forests located in the regions of Junin and Lima, where the species Polylepis rodolfo vasquezii, P. canoi and P. flavilpila are found. Seven 15 x 21 m plots and 10 sub-plots were established, distributed in the lower, middle and upper parts of the forest. The water potential of leaflets was measured by a Scholander pressure pump in a Pascale unit, microclimate variations by means of installed soil and air humidity and temperature sensors; the NDVI by means of multispectral images captured by an unmanned airborne vehicle. Water stress was different among species and changed according to the altitudinal gradient, soil hydrological variation and temperature. Leaflet size adaptation related to stress changes and a high correlation of NDVI with plant stress status were observed.

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Wind protection rather than soil water availability contributes to the restriction of high-mountain forest to ravines

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Exposing wind stress as a driver of fine‐scale variation in plant communities

Exposing wind stress as a driver of fine‐scale variation in plant communities

Evaluación de una técnica de protección física en el éxito de establecimiento de dos especies leñosas nativas en zonas con hormigas cortadoras

Water Status of Polylepis Forests Related to Altitudinal Gradient, Microclimate Variables and Slope

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