Wind sorting affects differently the organo-mineral composition of saltating and particulate materials in contrasting texture agricultural soils

Iturri, Laura Antonela; Funk, Roger; Leue, Martin; Sommer, Michael; Buschiazzo, Daniel Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.07.005

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In this experiment, the density of microplastic particles (1.2-1.38 g cm 3 ) is similar to that of organic soil components, which range from 1.0-1.5 g cm 3 depending on the degree of decomposition (Zenchelsky et al, 1976;Skopp, 2000). Wind-eroded material from soils is often enriched in organic matter (ER = 1 to 10) as compared with the substrate from which it is entrained (Rühlmann et al, 2006;Webb et al, 2013;Iturri et al, 2017). Whilst this enrichment varies on an event-by-event basis (Panebianco et al, 2016), a common observation is that soil organic carbon enrichment is greater for soils with a high sand content when compared to clay-rich soil (Webb et al, 2013;Panebianco et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…A substantial unknown is the effect of low particle density on the vertical displacement of particles at the soil surface via saltation impact. Saltation is well-known as a process for driving not only the mobilization of surface particles by creep and dynamic saltation, but also for the ejection of small and/or light particles higher in to the airstream where it is transported via suspension and may amplify long range transport (Iturri et al, 2017). The impact of particle density on the rate and nature of aeolian particle transport is poorly understood particularly for mixed substrates (Sherman, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preferential transport of microplastics by wind

Bullard

Ockelford

O’Brien

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Environment

156

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Contamination of terrestrial and marine environments by plastic waste has been widelydocumented. Most research into the distribution of microplastics has focused on water but here we show that wind transport can be very effective in mobilising microplastic particles. A series of wind tunnel experiments using two different substrates (sand and soil), two different microplastics (microbeads and fibres) and 5 different concentrations of microplastics (ranging from 0 mg kg -1 dw to 1040 mg kg -1 dw) is used to demonstrate that microplastics are preferentially transported by wind compared to sand and soil. When compared to either of the untreated substrate beds (0 mg kg -1 dw), the inclusion of microplastics was not found to significantly affect the wind erosion threshold for any of the concentrations or geometric forms (fibres or beads) tested. Averaged over all concentrations of microplastics and both substrate types, microplastic enrichment was lower for microbeads than fibres. The enrichment of microplastic fibres within the entrained particulate matter was one to two orders of magnitude higher for both test bed substrates, ranging from 98 to 498 for the sand and 278 to 726 for the soil. This suggests microplastic shape needs to be carefully parameterized in models of atmospheric microplastic transport. We suggest that microplastic research could benefit from previous investigations into the wind erosion of soil organic carbon. KeywordsWind erosion Microplastic entrainment Particle shape Microbead Fibre Plastic cycle Highlights • We ran experiments to determine the susceptibility of microplastics to wind erosion • Fibrous microplastics are preferentially transported compared to microbeads • Particle shape may affect the atmospheric transport distance for microplastics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential transport of microplastics by wind

Bullard

Ockelford

O’Brien

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Environment

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…49 Although DOM are from the same source, the results of the present study demonstrate that chemical characteristics of fresh DOM and degraded DOM which both were extracted from the straw of maize, they are greatly diverse in components, functional group species, molecular weight distribution, etc. 50,51 Hence, understanding the characteristics and role of the CDOM is important for facilitating the potential application in agricultural environments. 45…”

Section: Sources Of Dom In Farmland Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characteristics, analytical techniques and interactions with organic contaminants of dissolved organic matter derived from crop straw: a critical review

et al. 2018

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“…Cloud-level concentrations of potentially very iceactive primary biological aerosol particles (Hoose and Möhler, 2012) are much lower than background concentrations of mineral dust, with differences of up to 8 orders of magnitude in some cases (Hummel et al, 2018). Nevertheless, several laboratory studies, remote sensing measurements and studies characterizing ice crystal residuals have found evidence for the potential impact of these particles and more numerous nanoscale fragments on ice formation in mixedphase clouds (e.g., Möhler et al, 2007;Pratt et al, 2009;Kanitz et al, 2011;O'Sullivan et al, 2015). Also, recent studies indicate a missing source of INPs beyond mineral dust, with biological particles from terrestrial environments being a likely candidate for initiating freezing in shallow mixed-phase clouds (O'Sullivan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex plant-derived organic aerosol as ice-nucleating particles – more than the sums of their parts?

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Quantifying the impact of complex organic particles on the formation of ice crystals in clouds remains challenging, mostly due to the vast number of different sources ranging from sea spray to agricultural areas. In particular, there are many open questions regarding the ice nucleation properties of organic particles released from terrestrial sources such as decaying plant material. In this work, we present results from laboratory studies investigating the immersion freezing properties of individual organic compounds commonly found in plant tissue and complex organic aerosol particles from vegetated environments, without specifically investigating the contribution from biological particles, which may contribute to the overall ice nucleation efficiency observed at high temperatures. To characterize the ice nucleation properties of plant-related aerosol samples for temperatures between 242 and 267 K, we used the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud chamber and the Ice Nucleation SpEctrometer of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (INSEKT), which is a droplet freezing assay. Individual plant components (polysaccharides, lignin, soy and rice protein) were mostly less ice active, or similarly ice active, compared to microcrystalline cellulose, which has been suggested by recent studies to be a proxy for quantifying the primary cloud ice formation caused by particles originating from vegetation. In contrast, samples from ambient sources with a complex organic matter composition (agricultural soils and leaf litter) were either similarly ice active or up to 2 orders of magnitude more ice active than cellulose. Of all individual organic plant components, only carnauba wax (i.e., lipids) showed a similarly high ice nucleation activity as that of the samples from vegetated environments over a temperature range between 245 and 252 K. Hence, based on our experimental results, we suggest considering cellulose as being representative for the average ice nucleation activity of plant-derived particles, whereas lignin and plant proteins tend to provide a lower limit. In contrast, complex biogenic particles may exhibit ice nucleation activities which are up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than observed for cellulose, making ambient plant-derived particles a potentially important contributor to the population of ice-nucleating particles in the troposphere, even though major uncertainties regarding their transport to cloud altitude remain.

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Wind sorting affects differently the organo-mineral composition of saltating and particulate materials in contrasting texture agricultural soils

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Preferential transport of microplastics by wind

Preferential transport of microplastics by wind

Structural characteristics, analytical techniques and interactions with organic contaminants of dissolved organic matter derived from crop straw: a critical review

Complex plant-derived organic aerosol as ice-nucleating particles – more than the sums of their parts?

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