Wind Tunnel Tests and Numerical Simulations of Wind‐Induced Snow Drift in an Open Stadium and Gymnasium

Abstract

A long-span sports centre generally comprises multiple stadiums and gymnasiums, for which mutual interference effects of wind-induced snow motion are not explicitly included in the specifications of various countries. This problem is addressed herein by performing wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations to investigate the snow distribution and mutual interference effect on the roofs of long-span stadiums and gymnasiums. The wind tunnel tests were used to analyse the influences of the opening direction (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) and spacing (0.3 L, 0.5 L, 1 L, 1.5 L, 2 L, and 2.5 L, where L is the gymnasium span) of the stadium and gymnasium. The wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations were used to analyse the influence of the wind direction angle (from 0° to 315°, there are a total of eight groups in 45° intervals). The following results were obtained. The stadium opening had a significant effect on the snow distribution on the surface of the two structures. An even snow distribution was obtained when the stadium opened directly facing the gymnasium, which corresponded to the safest condition for the structures’ surfaces. As the spacing between the buildings increased, the interference effect between the two structures was reduced. The interference was negligible for a spacing of 2 L. The stadium had the most significant amplification interference effect on the gymnasium for a wind direction angle of 45°, which was extremely unfavourable to the safety of the structure. The most favourable wind direction angle was 270°, where there were both amplification interference and blockage interference.

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“…During snow load formation, non-uniform snow deposits as well as snow blowing and falling off the roofs can be observed (even in the case of single-span buildings) (Jiang et al, 2020). These phenomena are taken into account in the standards of most countries by the coefficients μ (the coefficient of transition from the weight of the snow cover on the ground to the snow load on roofing), which mainly depend on the inclinations of roofs and level variations.…”

Safety Requirements for Snow Load on Unique Transport Infrastructure Facilities

“…During snow load formation, non-uniform snow deposits as well as snow blowing and falling off the roofs can be observed (even in the case of single-span buildings) (Jiang et al, 2020). These phenomena are taken into account in the standards of most countries by the coefficients μ (the coefficient of transition from the weight of the snow cover on the ground to the snow load on roofing), which mainly depend on the inclinations of roofs and level variations.…”