In conventional wind power plants, the wind turbine drives an electrical generator equipped with an AC/DC converter for battery charging purposes and with an inverter inverter to supply power to the grid / AC load. This approach exhibits some drawbacks like the energy losses associated to the power electronics and the cost and the waste management of the battery storage systems.
To overcome such drawbacks, this work proposes a new plant scheme, where the battery system has been removed (or strongly reduced) and the storage task is accomplished by a pumping system equipped with a reversible hydraulic machinery which can operate both as centrifugal pump and a hydraulic turbine (called Pump as Turbine). In this scenario, when the wind velocity is quite high, the reversible hydraulic machinery, working as centrifugal pump, will store energy in the form of potential energy pumping fluid to an elevated water reservoir. On the contrary, in low wind conditions, the Pump as Turbine will operate as a hydraulic turbine, helping the wind turbine to overcome the external mechanical load. This solution results in a number of advantages: lower plant costs, longer Pump as Turbine life with lesser maintenance and reduced waste costs.
The present work focuses on a multi-objective performance analysis of the proposed wind system power scheme. Specifically, this multi-objective sensitivity analysis will be addressed to the net potential energy stored by the reversible hydraulic machinery, the extracted wind energy and the torque supplied by the Pump as Turbine in hydraulic turbine mode. Such an analysis will considered as design variables the Pump as Turbine (centrifugal pump mode) specific speed (pump geometry), the gear box transmission ratio between the centrifugal pump and the wind turbine and the pump head. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the design variables range which could lead to determine the set of the multi-objective wind systems optimal design.