Wind-wave growth over a viscous liquid

Zhang, J.; Hector, A.; Rabaud, M.; Moisy, F.

doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.8.104801

Phys. Rev. Fluids

2023

DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.8.104801

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Wind-wave growth over a viscous liquid

J. Zhang,

A. Hector,

M. Rabaud

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

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Spatial growth rates of young wind waves under steady wind forcing

Kumar,

Shemer

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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The growth with fetch of young wind waves under steady wind forcing that is commonly attributed to shear flow instability results in a spatially inhomogeneous wave field with a spectrum evolving along the tank. The present laboratory study accounts for multiple co-existing statistically stationary random frequency harmonics. Single-point synchronous measurements of the instantaneous surface elevation and of its along-wind slope component are performed by optical methods at numerous locations. Assuming exponential spatial growth, the phase shift between the surface elevation and surface slope at each frequency is related to the spatial growth rate of each harmonic. The validity of the assumption that the wave energy varies exponentially with fetch is examined in a separate set of experiments; the instantaneous surface elevation at various wind-forcing conditions is measured at multiple locations along the tank. The spatial variation of the energy of individual frequency harmonics is determined. It is found that, below the local peak frequency, the energy of each harmonic grows exponentially, while the evolution of waves at frequencies approaching and exceeding the local peak is strongly affected by sheltering by the dominant wave, as well as by nonlinear bound waves. The outcomes of two independent methods of determination of spatial growth rates at a range of young wave frequencies are compared. The accumulated data also enable quantitative analysis of the sheltering phenomenon. The essential difference between the spatial and the temporal wind-wave evolution cases is discussed.

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Spatial growth rates of young wind waves under steady wind forcing

Kumar,

Shemer

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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Laboratory study of the effect of mean water current on the evolution of young wind waves

Kumar,

Shemer

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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The spatial evolution of various statistical parameters of fetch-limited waves generated by steadily blowing wind over mean water flow in a wind-wave flume is investigated experimentally. Measurements are performed in both along- and against-wind current conditions, and compared with measurements in the absence of current. A rake of capacitance-type wave gauges is used to measure surface elevation for a wide range of wind and water current velocities; additionally, an optical wave gauge is used to measure the directional properties of the wind-wave field in the presence of a mean water current at multiple locations. The variation with fetch of essential wave parameters such as characteristic wave energy, dominant frequency, power spectra and temporal coherence, as well as higher-order statistical moments that characterize wave shape, is presented for co- and counter-wind water currents, and compared with the no-current condition. The findings in the presence of mean water flow are interpreted in the framework of the viscous shear flow instability model of Geva & Shemer (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 128, 2022, 124501).

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Wind-wave growth over a viscous liquid

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Spatial growth rates of young wind waves under steady wind forcing

Spatial growth rates of young wind waves under steady wind forcing

Laboratory study of the effect of mean water current on the evolution of young wind waves

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