Window Collisions by Birds in Brazil: Epidemiologic Factors and Radiographic and Necropsy Assessments

Fornazari, Gabrielle Adad; Saldanha, André; Lange, Rogério Ribas; Froes, Tilde Rodrigues; Klem, D. E.; Moore, Bret A.; Montiani‐Ferreira, Fabiano

doi:10.1647/20-00009

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Second, our models did not include all factors that can independently affect collision risk and/or interact with building and vegetation characteristics to influence collision probability. Additional factors include façade shape (e.g., alcoves, corners; Riding et al 2020); species differences in behavior, foraging guild, as well as sex and age of individuals (Loss et al 2019, Winger et al 2019, Riding et al 2020, Adad Fornazari 2021, Colling et al 2022; weather (Lao et al 2023); migratory traffic rate (Elmore et al 2021b); and anthropogenic light (Lao et al 2020, Van Doren et al 2021. As with the building and vegetation variables that we studied, the degree to which these factors influence collision mortality likely varies seasonally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada

Zulian,

Norris,

Cockle

et al. 2023

ACE

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We examined the effects of façade-level building and vegetation features on bird-window collision risk, and how these effects varied across seasons at a Pacific coastal campus with mild winters, abundant evergreen vegetation, and seasonally varied bird communities. We searched for bird carcasses at 57 façades of 8 buildings at the University of British Columbia (UBC) over 155 days between January 2015 and March 2017 (total: 8835 façade surveys). Collision monitoring occurred across five equal sampling periods that represented stages of the annual cycle of the bird community, including the fall and spring migratory periods, the breeding season, and the long overwintering period. For each season, we compared logistic regression models predicting the odds of a collision from different sets of façade and vegetation characteristics expected to influence collisions: façade area, area of glass, porous surface cover (ground and shrub vegetation, soil, leaf litter), tree cover, and the number of building stories reflecting vegetation. Consistent with other studies, area of glass had a positive influence on collision probability in all seasons; however, the effect was strongest during the fall migratory period, when daily collision mortality rates peaked at UBC. The number of stories reflecting vegetation also increased collision probability, but only in the fall, indicating that the vertical extent of vegetation and reflective glass may affect collision risk differently as bird communities change across seasons. Façade area increased collision probability only in the winter (a long and lethal period for bird collisions at UBC), reflecting different risk factors associated with the species most vulnerable to collisions in this season. Our results highlight the need to measure building and vegetation effects across the longest and most lethal stages of the annual cycle of birds, both to predict the impact of proposed buildings and to prioritize mitigation strategies that will result in the greatest conservation benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada

Zulian,

Norris,

Cockle

et al. 2023

ACE

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“…In addition to delayed mortality, collisions during migration can have nonlethal effects that impose a fitness cost. The most frequent injury in birds surviving collisions is intracranial hemorrhaging (Klem 1990, Fornazari et al 2021). In humans and model animals, traumatic brain injuries result in cognitive impairment (slowed reaction times), amnesia, balance impairment, and sleep/wake disturbance (McCrory et al 2017).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Threat Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than mortality: Consequences of human activity on migrating birds extend beyond direct mortality

Nemes

Cabrera‐Cruz

Anderson

et al. 2023

Ornithological Applications

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Birds must contend with an array of anthropogenic threats during their migratory journeys. Many migrants are killed due to encounters with artificial light, introduced species, pollutants, and other anthropogenic hazards, while survivors of these encounters can suffer longer-lasting negative effects. The nonlethal effects of anthropogenic threats on migrating birds are less well understood than direct mortality, yet both potentially contribute to population declines. For example, building collisions frequently kill migrating birds, but the numbers of migrants that survive with an impaired ability to fly, refuel, or navigate to their destination on time is not well understood. Though not immediately fatal, such injuries can lead to delayed mortality and, ultimately, reduced lifetime reproductive success. Furthermore, migrants are likely to encounter multiple threats on their journeys, which can interact synergistically to further reduce fitness. For instance, light pollution attracts and disorients migrants, increasing the likelihood of window strikes, and surviving birds may be more vulnerable to predation from introduced predators. While considerable attention has focused on the lethal effects of anthropogenic threats, here, we review nonlethal effects of 8 types of threats during migration, their interactions, and the pathways through which they can exert fitness costs. In doing so, we identify knowledge gaps and suggest areas for future research. In the absence of more information, we propose that the greatest reduction in the cumulative lethal and nonlethal impacts of anthropogenic hazards will be achieved by addressing threat types, like artificial light at night, that interact with and compound the impact of additional threats. Direct mortality from anthropogenic sources is recognized as a key driver of population declines, but a full understanding of the impacts of human activity on migrating birds must include the cumulative and interacting effects that extend beyond immediate mortality en route to influence overall migration success and lifetime fitness.

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Tumour or haemorrhage?: Differential diagnosis of an unknown mass within the brain of a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) using a novel imaging pipeline

Vasquez,

Gignac,

Brewer

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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We report on a previously healthy zoo specimen of an adult budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus, obtained with permission from Southwick's Zoo) found deceased in its enclosure. To assess cause of death and ensure the absence of an infectious neoplasia, we used an integrated multiscale brain‐imaging workflow, previously only used on mammals. The specimen was imaged with microcomputed tomography before and after enhancing soft‐tissue contrast with diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography. Scans revealed an orbital blowout fracture and an unidentified large mass across majority of the diencephalon, striatum and midbrain caudal to the right orbit. After destaining, neural pathohistology confirmed the mass as a brain haemorrhage with no evidence of neoplasia or inflammation. We conclude that this specimen died of head trauma, likely from a head‐on collision within its enclosure. This multiscale imaging workflow (diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography followed by destaining and pathohistology) can improve our evaluation of differential diagnoses in avian specimens.

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Window Collisions by Birds in Brazil: Epidemiologic Factors and Radiographic and Necropsy Assessments

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada

Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada

More than mortality: Consequences of human activity on migrating birds extend beyond direct mortality

Tumour or haemorrhage?: Differential diagnosis of an unknown mass within the brain of a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) using a novel imaging pipeline

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