Window design in architecture: Analysis of energy savings for lighting and visual comfort in residential spaces

Acosta, Ignacio; Campano, Miguel Ángel; Molina, José-Luis

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.005

Cited by 131 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The results showed that, for most rooms more than 3.00 m deep, smart controls achieve worthwhile energy savings and a low payback period, regardless of weather conditions and for worst-case situations. It is also concluded that dimming systems provide a higher net present value and allow the use of smaller window size than other control solutions.Smart control strategies require the assessment of different variables: the window size is essential to determine electricity consumption [9], as are the reflectance of the room surfaces and the location of the building [10]. The illuminance controls also have a significant impact on the thermal comfort of occupants, mainly due to solar heat gain, so that algorithms should take all possible variables into account [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smart control strategies require the assessment of different variables: the window size is essential to determine electricity consumption [9], as are the reflectance of the room surfaces and the location of the building [10]. The illuminance controls also have a significant impact on the thermal comfort of occupants, mainly due to solar heat gain, so that algorithms should take all possible variables into account [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management

et al. 2018

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Daylight performance metrics provide a promising approach for the design and optimization of lighting strategies in buildings and their management. Smart controls for electric lighting can reduce power consumption and promote visual comfort using different control strategies, based on affordable technologies and low building impact. The aim of this research is to assess the energy efficiency of these smart controls by means of dynamic daylight performance metrics, to determine suitable solutions based on the geometry of the architecture and the weather conditions. The analysis considers different room dimensions, with variable window size and two mean surface reflectance values. DaySim 3.1 lighting software provides the simulations for the study, determining the necessary quantification of dynamic metrics to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed smart controls and their impact on energy efficiency. The validation of dynamic metrics is carried out by monitoring a mesh of illuminance-meters in test cells throughout one year. The results showed that, for most rooms more than 3.00 m deep, smart controls achieve worthwhile energy savings and a low payback period, regardless of weather conditions and for worst-case situations. It is also concluded that dimming systems provide a higher net present value and allow the use of smaller window size than other control solutions.Smart control strategies require the assessment of different variables: the window size is essential to determine electricity consumption [9], as are the reflectance of the room surfaces and the location of the building [10]. The illuminance controls also have a significant impact on the thermal comfort of occupants, mainly due to solar heat gain, so that algorithms should take all possible variables into account [11]. One of the most common smart controls is that of dimming systems [12,13], which adjust the electricity power of the luminaires. The dimmer can be controlled by illuminance-meters which significantly reduce the power consumption in electric lighting [14,15].According to the latest studies [16][17][18], the strategies for lighting control can reduce power consumption by up to 50% when using dimming systems and close to 30% using occupant detectors. However, these technologies are not widespread, given the difficulties in installation, the limitations of the prediction algorithms, and the individual management preferences of occupants [19][20][21]. It is therefore important to emphasize the benefits from all these strategies, quantifying their energy efficiency and economic profitability, and avoiding an overestimation of the savings or overly optimistic analysis. Hence, the use of dynamic daylight metrics will provide a better whole-year fit. Unlike daylight static concepts, dynamic metrics allow the accurate quantification of energy savings in electric lighting, including variables not considered by static metrics, such as weather conditions, occupancy hours or illuminance thresholds required by the task being carried out [22-24]. Aim a...

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Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management

et al. 2018

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“…However, curtain walls and façades have been used to satisfy the requirement for views, while meeting various aesthetic standards by increasing the area of the window. This has a disadvantageous thermal performance window design [12]. In previous studies, researchers confirmed the effect of window installation in buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Study on Changes of Window Thermal Performance by Analysis of Physical Test Results in Korea

2019

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The interest in zero energy buildings is increasing in South Korea. Zero energy buildings need to save energy by using passive technology. The window performance is important to the thermal insulation of the building. Also, the government regulates the window performance through regulation and standards. However, it is difficult to predict window performance because the components of the window have become complicated due to the various materials used in the glass and frame. Based on window performance standards and regulations, the quality of window performance was managed. In this research, to consider thermal performance in proper window design in South Korea, we confirmed the impact on the thermal performance of the window through various kinds of materials and shapes. The authors also propose a window shape classification and frame calculation method based on actual test results. The authors analyzed the thermal performance data of the windows provided by the Korea Energy Agency and confirmed the change in the thermal performance of the windows by year and by frame material. The average U-value of the window decreased from 2012 to 2015 and maintained similar values until 2017. In 2018, this value was decreased to comply. Also, the authors confirmed the U-value of the windows through actual physical experiments and confirmed the change in thermal performance by the construction of the windows based on the results. The results show, in the case of aluminum windows, the U-value corresponding to Grade 3 (1.4–2.1 W/m2·K) was as high as about 60%. Regarding the analyzed results of the U-values of PVC windows, Grade 3 (U-value of 1.4–2.1 W/m2·K) accounted for about 35%, and Grade 2 (U-value of 1.0–1.4 W/m2·K) for about 29%. This paper also confirmed that the frame U-value of the PVC windows is lower than the frame U-value of the aluminum windows. Therefore, the authors proposed the performance index of the glazing part in PVC and aluminum window design. The results of this research can be used as basic data to identify problems in the method of determining the performance of windows in Korea.

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“…In [11], a the proportionality between the WWR and the amount of natural lighting in the architectural space is studied. It is found that the increase in WWR for the outer wall reduces the dependence on artificial lighting.…”

Section: Window Wall Ratio (Wwr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Window Position in the Building Envelope on Energy Consumption

Azmy¹,

Ashmawy²

2018

IJET

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Windows play a significant role as they largely influence the energy load. Although there are many studies on the energy-efficient windows design, there is still a lack in information about the mutual impact of windows’ size, position and orientation on the energy loads. In this paper, the effect of different window positions and orientations on the energy consumption in a typical room in an administrative building that is located in the hot climatic conditions of Cairo city, Egypt is considered. This case study has been modeled and analyzed to achieve good environmental performance for architectural space, as well as assessing its impact on the amount of natural lighting required by using the Energy Plus program. The study concludes that the WWR (Window Wall Ratio) 20% square north-oriented upper opening consumes 25% lower energy than the rectangular 3:1 opening in the lower west-oriented façade. The upper openings are the highest in terms of light intensity, as they cover about 50% of the room area. The WWR 30% rectangular north-oriented upper 3:1 opening consumes 29% lower energy than the rectangular lower 3:1opening in the façade. Regarding light intensity, the upper openings are the best for natural lighting as the light covers more than 60% of the room area.

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Window design in architecture: Analysis of energy savings for lighting and visual comfort in residential spaces

Cited by 131 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management

Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management

A Study on Changes of Window Thermal Performance by Analysis of Physical Test Results in Korea

Effect of the Window Position in the Building Envelope on Energy Consumption

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