Windowed cross-correlation and peak picking for the analysis of variability in the association between behavioral time series.

Boker, Steven M.; Rotondo, Jennifer L.; Xu, Minquan; King, Kadijah

doi:10.1037//1082-989x.7.3.338

Cited by 5 publications

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A Conversation between Theory, Methods, and Data

Boker

Martin

2018

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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The 10 year anniversary of the COGITO Study provides an opportunity to revisit the ideas behind the Cattell data box. Three dimensions of the persons × variables × time data box are discussed in the context of three categories of researchers each wanting to answer their own categorically different question. The example of the well-known speed-accuracy tradeoff is used to illustrate why these are three different categories of statistical question. The 200 persons by 100 variables by 100 occasions of measurement COGITO data cube presents a challenge to integrate theories and methods across the dimensions of the data box. A conceptual model is presented for the speed-accuracy tradeoff example that could account for cross-sectional between persons effects, short-term dynamics, and long-term learning effects. Thus, two fundamental differences between the time axis and the other two axes of the data box include ordering and time scaling. In addition, nonstationarity in human systems is a pervasive problem along the time dimension of the data box. To illustrate, the difference in nonstationarity between dancing and conversation is discussed in the context of the interaction between theory, methods, and data. An information theoretic argument is presented that the theory-methods-data interaction is better understood when viewed as a conversation than as a dance. Entropy changes in the development of a theory-methods-data conversation provide one metric for evaluating scientific progress.

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A Conversation between Theory, Methods, and Data

Boker

Martin

2018

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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Modeling Nonstationary Emotion Dynamics in Dyads using a Time-Varying Vector-Autoregressive Model

Bringmann

Ferrer

Hamaker

et al. 2018

Multivariate Behavioral Research

116

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Emotion dynamics are likely to arise in an interpersonal context. Standard methods to study emotions in interpersonal interaction are limited because stationarity is assumed. This means that the dynamics, for example, time-lagged relations, are invariant across time periods. However, this is generally an unrealistic assumption. Whether caused by an external (e.g., divorce) or an internal (e.g., rumination) event, emotion dynamics are prone to change. The semi-parametric time-varying vector-autoregressive (TV-VAR) model is based on well-studied generalized additive models, implemented in the software R. The TV-VAR can explicitly model changes in temporal dependency without pre-existing knowledge about the nature of change. A simulation study is presented, showing that the TV-VAR model is superior to the standard time-invariant VAR model when the dynamics change over time. The TV-VAR model is applied to empirical data on daily feelings of positive affect (PA) from a single couple. Our analyses indicate reliable changes in the male's emotion dynamics over time, but not in the female's-which were not predicted by her own affect or that of her partner. This application illustrates the usefulness of using a TV-VAR model to detect changes in the dynamics in a system.

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Empathic stress in the family: Mimicry boosts subjective and parasympathetic empathic stress in adolescents

Blasberg,

Kanske,

Engert

2024

Preprint

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Empathic stress, the spontaneous reproduction of psychosocial stress by mere observation, has been shown to occur between strangers, romantic partners and in mother-child dyads. However, the mechanisms by which stress is transmitted have yet to be understood. We investigated whether facial mimicry is not only a precursor for empathizing with specific affective states, but also modulates the transmission of psychosocial stress. Adolescents (13–16 years old) observed their mothers or fathers (N = 77) undergo a standardized laboratory stressor. Parents’ and adolescents’ faces were videotaped during the stress task and dyads simultaneously provided multiple samples of subjective stress, heart rate, high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and salivary cortisol. The degree to which adolescents mimicked their parents’ facial expressions was calculated in a multi-step procedure based on windowed-cross-lagged-correlations. We found that both subjective and HF-HRV reactivity were boosted by higher adolescent mimicry of parental negative facial expressions, suggesting a pathway of stress transmission.

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Windowed cross-correlation and peak picking for the analysis of variability in the association between behavioral time series.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A Conversation between Theory, Methods, and Data

A Conversation between Theory, Methods, and Data

Modeling Nonstationary Emotion Dynamics in Dyads using a Time-Varying Vector-Autoregressive Model

Empathic stress in the family: Mimicry boosts subjective and parasympathetic empathic stress in adolescents

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