Winds in the upper atmosphere

Greenhow, J. S.; Neufeld, Eva

doi:10.1002/qj.49708737403

Cited by 131 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Let us consider averaged of many years values calculated from the harmonic analysis of average values of hourly wind velocity. It should be noted that main features of wind regime in the mesopause at middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are investigated properly enough (GREENHOW and NEUFELD, 1961;KASHCHEEV and LYSENKO, 1968;SPIZZICHINO, 1975) and are confirmed by data for Obninsk. Data presented in Figs. 1-5 show a very definite seasonal behaviour of prevailing and tidal wind velocities, but its character for different wind components at high and middle latitudes differs significantly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

Results of wind velocity measurements at middle and high latitudes by the meteor radar method.

Lysenko

Orlyansky

Portnyagin

1979

J. geomagn. geoelec

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The Institute of Experimental Meteorology carries out regular wind measurements by the meteor radar at three stations, Heiss Island (from 1964), Obninsk (from 1964) and Molodezhnaya, the Antarctica (from 1967). The seasonal course of wind regime parameters in the meteor zone in different years was found to be relatively stable in comparison with site-to-site variations of these parameters.It is shown that wind velocity variations with the periods from 2-5 to 10-20 days are typical of the meteor zone and are connected with corresponding variations in stratomesosphere. The analysis of dates for different years showed that in the meteor zone the spring reversal of circulation begins much earlier in stratosphere; more earlier (later) dates of the reversal in stratosphere correspond to more earlier(later) dates of the reversal beginning in the meteor zone.

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confidence: 60%

Results of wind velocity measurements at middle and high latitudes by the meteor radar method.

Lysenko

Orlyansky

Portnyagin

1979

J. geomagn. geoelec

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“…Evidence for such meridional circulation comes, for example, from the seasonal changes in the latitudinal distribution of intensity of the green atomic oxygen airglow at 5577 ]k, which shows a systematic enhancement with downward motion (at about 100 km) (TOHMATSU and NAGATA, 1963); from seasonal fluctuations in the airglow emission or absorption by sodium, potassium, and lithium (CHAMBERLAIN, HUNTEN, and MACK, 1958;MCNUTT and MACK, 1963;JONES, 1963) which can best be interpreted in terms of meridional motions at 80 to 100 km; and from the strong mean meridional flow that can be inferred from the drift of meteor trails (GREENHOW and NEUFELD, 1961 ;ELFORD, 1959;ELFORD and MURRAY, 1960). KOCHANSKI (1963), basing his theory to a large extent on radio-meteor drift observations in the U.K. (GREENHOW and NEUFELD, 1961) and Australia (ELFORD, 1959), shows a fairly complex pattern of meridional circulation in the 70 to 100 km region that changes with season of the year. These larger-scale motions will account for additional mixing in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, and will in no way invalidate the conclusions that can be made on the basis of turbulent mixing alone.…”

Section: The Mesospitere and Lower Thermosphere (Upper Homosphere)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution of the upper atmosphere by rockets

Kellogg

1964

Space Sci Rev

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This report estimates the amounts of various constituents that would have to be continually injected by rockets into the upper atmosphere in order to double the worldwide natural concentrations there. Involved in the calculations are: (a) the natural atmospheric abundances of constituents such as H20, CO2, NO, Na, K, Li, H, etc. ; (b) the residence times in various regions of the atmosphere, since these determine how rapidly a constituent will be removed; and (c) the chemical or photochemical stability of a substance exposed to the upper atmosphere environment. It is concluded that a doubling of the CO2, H20, or NO content would require per year on the order of l0 s to l0 s Saturntype rockets, each injecting 100 tons of exhaust above 100 kin. On the other hand, a few hundred small rockets per year, each containing 10 kg of the chemical, would probably double the Na content; similarly, less than two such rockets per year would be expected to double the Li content. These last conclusions have implications for future tracer experiments using these substances.

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“…SCIENCE, VOL. 144 were obtained by Greenhow and Neufeld; the Adelaide data, by Elford(6). The data show that the amplitudes of the periodic variations of the wind components, both Si and S2, are similar in magnitude to the daily mean wind, and that in both cases the amplitudes are about 100 times greater in the high atmosphere than at the ground.…”

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confidence: 61%

Atmospheric Tides

Haurwitz

1964

Science

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These oscillations are caused by the gravitati pull of sun and moon and by the sun's thermal eff B. HatThe term atmospheric tides refers not only to the atmospheric oscillations produced by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun but also to the oscillations due to the sun's thermal effects on the earth's atmosphere. This dual meaning is theoretically appropriate, since both gravitational forces and thermal effects induce oscillations which are gravity waves. Also, it is necessary for practical reasons to consider these two effects together, since one cannot separate them in the case of the oscillation of 12-hour period which appears both in the sun's tideproducing gravitational attraction and in the thermal influence of the sun on the atmosphere. Barograph traces at the earth's surface show that in tropical regions the pressure has two maxima and two minima per day, the maxima occurring at about 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. local mean time, the minima occurring, respectively, 6 hours later. The amplitude of these oscillations is about 1 millibar (1). Figure 1 shows the hourly values for barometric pressure for a week at Balboa, Panama. At higher latitudes the nonperiodic pressure changes due to the passage of weather systems are very much larger than they are in the tropics and mask, in general, the 12hourly oscillation. To find this oscilla-

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Winds in the upper atmosphere

Cited by 131 publications

References 16 publications

Results of wind velocity measurements at middle and high latitudes by the meteor radar method.

Results of wind velocity measurements at middle and high latitudes by the meteor radar method.

Pollution of the upper atmosphere by rockets

Atmospheric Tides

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