Wing Colors of Chrysozephyrus Butterflies (Lepidoptera;Lycaenidae): Ultraviolet Reflection by Males

Imafuku, Michio; Hirose, Yasuyuki; Takeuchi, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.2108/zsj.19.175

Cited by 22 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…1). This species belongs to tribe Theclini, in which males of many species show brilliant green to blue and/or UV light on the dorsal surface (Imafuku et al, 2002;Imafuku, 2008) based on structural coloration categorized into Urania type; a multilayer structure in the scale body is observed in Chrysozephyrus ataxus (Matě jková-Plšková et al, 2011;Imafuku et al, 2012), Favonius cognatus (Imafuku et al, 2012), F. jezoensis (Schmidt and Paulus, 1970), and Quercusia quercus (Tilley and Eliot, 2002). Another feature, "a minimal pepper-pot structure" (Tilley and Eliot, 2002) on the upper surface of the wing scale, is observed in the above species (no data for F. jezoensis), Chrysozephyrus brillantinus (Wilts et al, 2009), and Laeosopis evippus (Tilley and Eliot, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial Behavior of a Green Hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): Site Tenacity and Wars of Attrition

Takeuchi

Imafuku

2005

Zoological Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial Behavior of a Green Hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): Site Tenacity and Wars of Attrition

Takeuchi

Imafuku

2005

Zoological Science

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“…1, where (a) and (b) are the dorsal surfaces of a male and female wings, respectively. Imafuku et al 22) measured wing colours of Chrysozephyrus butterflies with a spectrophotometer, and reported that the dorsal wing surface of a male C. ataxus shows a strong reflectance when the specimen is tilted and that it appears green to the human eye, reflecting ultra violet (UV) as well as green light. Table 1 was made using their results, especially the reflectance/wavelength curves displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the measurement shown in Table 1, the incident light was applied to a wing piece and the reflected light that returned in the same course was measured. 22) It means that the reflectance measured was from the surfaces whose normal is parallel to the incident light. If the groove areas cause multi-reflection between the layers with air gaps, the reflection is observed when the following interference condition is satisfied,…”

Section: þmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the observed peaks did not appear at 274 nm and 182 nm in the spectrum measured by Imafuku. 22) This suggests that the multiple layers in the grooves cannot be considered as the structure for the multiple interference but they must be incoherent with each other. This is natural because their surfaces are not completely parallel to each other.…”

Section: þmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, each layer reflects incoherently or kinematically with others, like a particle of the mosaic structure in X-ray diffraction, and the reflectance intensity is a simple sum of the reflection from each layer. Imafuku et al 22) mentioned that the wing surface shows a strong reflectance when the specimen is tilted. This is simply explained as a geometric result of the increase of the area on curl scales which is normal to the incident light and of the number of the scales irradiated by the incident light as the specimen is tilted.…”

Section: þmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine Structure of Wing Scales in <I>Chrysozephyrus Ataxus</I> Butterflies

et al. 2011

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We performed scanning electron microscopy observations of the scales on the dorsal surfaces of wings of male and female Chrysozephyrus ataxus butterflies. The male butterfly has curly scales on the blue or green wings. It was deduced that the interference of the selective incident rays with the wavelength in $560 nm ! ! $420 nm and $340 nm ! ! $250 nm occurs incoherently by layers $270 nm thick piled in the flat grooves which are enclosed by the ridges and ribs on the curled scale. The metallically glittering green-violet hues of the male wings is thereby attributed to the reflection of the human visible rays in $560 nm (green) ! ! $420 nm (violet). The vivid violet marks in the female's forewings were also explained as the result of reflection of the incident rays in $400 nm ! ! $300 nm from the layers $190 nm thick in the flat grooves on the dorsal scale. Although the monolayered cuticle structure was observed on the ridges of these scales, its contribution to the wing colouration must be less because of a small width of the ridges as compared with the flat grooves. The scales in the dark brown areas of the female wings are different in structure from these scales; they have not any layers but windows enclosed by the ridges and ribs. Most of the light through the windows is absorbed in the lower laminae containing the eumelanin. These results were deduced using data of a previous optical measurement by Imafuku et al. (Zool. Sci. 19 (2002) 175) and elucidated consistently their conclusion.

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Micro‐ and nanostructures of iridescent wing scales in purple emperor butterflies (Lepidoptera: Apatura ilia and A. iris)

Ćurčić

Pantelić

Ćurčić

et al. 2012

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Apatura ilia (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) and A. iris (Linnaeus, 1758) are fascinating butterflies found in the Palaearctic ecozone (excepting the north of Africa). The wings of these insects are covered with a great number of two types of scales positioned like roof tiles. Type I scales are on the surface, while type II scales are situated below them. The structural color of the type I scales is recognized only on the dorsal side of both the fore and hind wings of the males of the aforementioned species. Both types of scales are responsible for pigment color of the wings, but iridescence is observed only in the type I scales. The brilliant structural color is due to a multilayer structure. The features of the scales, their dimensions and fine structure were obtained using scanning electron microscopy. Cross sections of the scales were then analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The scales of the "normal" and clytie forms of A. ilia have a different nanostructure, but are of the same type. A similar type of structure, but with a different morphology, was also noticed in A. iris. The scales of the analyzed species resemble the scales of tropical Morpho butterflies.

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Wing Colors of Chrysozephyrus Butterflies (Lepidoptera;Lycaenidae): Ultraviolet Reflection by Males

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Territorial Behavior of a Green Hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): Site Tenacity and Wars of Attrition

Territorial Behavior of a Green Hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): Site Tenacity and Wars of Attrition

Fine Structure of Wing Scales in <I>Chrysozephyrus Ataxus</I> Butterflies

Micro‐ and nanostructures of iridescent wing scales in purple emperor butterflies (Lepidoptera: Apatura ilia and A. iris)

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