WinPLOTR: A Windows Tool for Powder Diffraction Pattern Analysis

Roisnel, Thierry; Rodríquez-Carvajal, Juan

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.378-381.118

Cited by 2,104 publications

(1,461 citation statements)

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“…The peak positions were evaluated with the software WinPLOTR. 16 For each pattern the better defined diffraction lines were selected and twenty peak positions were input in the indexing program DICVOL14. 17 The cell parameters are least-squares refined, as well as the zero-point position of the patterns.…”

Section: High Resolution X-ray Powder Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure–temperature diagrams and topological inferences

Toscani

Céolin

Minassian

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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The trimorphism of the active pharmaceutical ingredient piracetam is a famous case of polymorphism that has been frequently revisited by many researchers. The phase relationships between forms I, II, and III were ambiguous because they seemed to depend on the heating rate of the DSC and on the history of the samples or they have not been observed at all (equilibrium II-III). In the present paper, piezo-thermal analysis and high-pressure differential thermal analysis have been used to elucidate the positions of the different solid-solid and solid-liquid equilibria. The phase diagram, involving the three solid phases, the liquid phase and the vapor phase, has been constructed. It has been shown that form III is the high-pressure, low-temperature form and the stable form at room temperature. Form II is stable under intermediary conditions and form I is the low pressure, high temperature form, which possesses a stable melting point. The present paper demonstrates the strength of the topological approach based on the Clapeyron equation and the alternation rule when combined with high-pressure measurements.

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Section: High Resolution X-ray Powder Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure–temperature diagrams and topological inferences

Toscani

Céolin

Minassian

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…With respect to a possibly slow kinetic in reaching phase equilibrium during the relative short dwell time in neutron diffraction, discs were cut from the rod and were sealed individually and annealed at 800°C for 10 days, 900°C for 7 days, 1000°C for 4 days, 1100°C for 24 h and 1200°C Basic and Applied Research: Section I for 12 h. After this long term annealing the phase constitutions in the discs were measured by XPD and EPMA and should insure equilibrium conditions. Quantitative Rietveld refinement of the X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data was performed with the FULLPROF program, [43] employing internal tables for neutron scattering lengths and X-ray atomic form factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heusler Phase Ti25(Fe50 − x Ni x )Al25 (0 ≤ x ≤ 50); Structure and Constitution

Yan

Grytsiv

Rogl

et al. 2008

J Phs Eqil and Diff

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Alloys with composition Ti 25 (Fe 50 2 x Ni x )Al 25 (0 £ x £ 50) were investigated employing electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XPD). For TiFe 2 Al, in situ neutron powder diffraction (ND) was used for the inspection of phase constitution covering the temperature range from 27°C (300 K) to 1277°C (1550 K). Combined Rietveld refinement of ND and XPD data for TiFe 2 Al revealed that Fe atoms occupy the 8c site in space group Fm " 3m; Ti with a small amount of Al sharing the 4a site, and the remaining Ti and Al atoms adopting the 4b site. This structural model was successfully applied in the refinement of all alloys Ti 25 (Fe 50 2 x Ni x )Al 25 (0 £ x £ 50). Partial atom order exists on the Fe-rich side while complete order is observed for the Ni-rich side. Profiles recorded by in situ neutron powder diffraction for TiFe 2 Al in the range of investigated temperatures show two phases, namely Heusler phase and MgZn 2 -type Laves phase. Diffraction peaks from the Heusler phase dominate the profiles at lower temperatures but at higher temperatures the MgZn 2 -type Laves phase is the main phase. No CsCl-type phase was found in the alloy in the investigated temperature range. The thermal expansion coefficient of TiFe 2 Al is 1.4552310 25 K 21 .

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“…Nickel self-fluxing powder alloy PS-12NVK-01, containing tungsten carbide, is effectively used for the application of wear and corrosion-resistant coatings [15]. The presence of silicon and boron in the alloy contributes to its self-fluxing and good wettability of the product surface by the alloy, and the presence of ~32% tungsten carbide makes it possible to increase the hardness and wear resistance of the deposited coating [16]. Cladding of refractory TiN and Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles was carried out by processing them in centrifugal planetary mill AGO 2 in a powder mixture with chromium and iron for 3 minutes.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nanomodification additives on the properties of multilayer composite coating obtained in laser surfacing

Черепанов

Orishich

Овчаренко

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The paper presents the results of numerical and experimental studies of the process of obtaining a permanent joint of two plates of heterogeneous metals that cannot be welded in the usual way: alloy Grade 4 and steel AISI 321 using a laser beam and an intermediate composite insert. The composite insert was obtained by explosion welding of four thin plates of titanium (Grade 4), niobium, copper, and steel (AISI 321). The insert was placed between the welded plates of titanium and steel, and the steel plate was welded with the steel part of the insert, and the titanium plate was welded with the titanium part of the insert. The plates were welded using a CO2 laser. The connection of metals with the help of explosion is carried out without their melting, so the formation of the brittle intermetallics does not occur in most cases. This ensures the greatest strength of the joints as compared to the joints obtained by other welding methods. To analyze the distribution of thermal fields in the composite insert and welded plates, a numerical study was conducted of the laser welding of steel and titanium plates with the corresponding parts of the insert. The purpose of the study was to determine the rational parameters of welding (laser beam power, speed of its movement, size and position of the focal spot), at which there was no complete melting of the steel and titanium parts of the insert during through penetration of the welded plates. The experimental part of the work is devoted to analysis of formation of the internal boundaries and microstructure of the composite insert and the strength of the permanent joint. It is shown that as a result of the explosion welding, weld seams of different wavelike configuration are formed. The most pronounced wavelike boundary is observed in the steel-copper connection, since these materials have a face-centered cubic lattice and are easily subjected to plastic deformation. At the contact boundaries of the plates, transition diffusion zones with different widths (from 5 to ment concentrations are formed. The hardness in the boundary diffusion zones is higher than in the connected metals, which is due to the diffusion interaction of the materials adjacent to each other. It has been established that the tensile strength of the composite insert is comparable to the maximum strength of Grade 4 alloy (456-511 MPa), and the failure in most cases occurred over the least durable component of the composite material, which is the copper plate, whose strength was significantly increased by cold hardening during explosion welding and diffusion of elements of the contacting plates. INTRODUCTIONReliability and durability of parts and mechanisms are largely determined by the properties of their surface layers, the operating conditions of which differ significantly from the conditions of operation of the rest of the 020017-1 product. For example, while the bulk determines the total strength, which depends on the properties of the metal and its cross-section, the surface layers in most cas...

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WinPLOTR: A Windows Tool for Powder Diffraction Pattern Analysis

Cited by 2,104 publications

References 1 publication

Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure–temperature diagrams and topological inferences

Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure–temperature diagrams and topological inferences

The Heusler Phase Ti25(Fe50 − x Ni x )Al25 (0 ≤ x ≤ 50); Structure and Constitution

Influence of nanomodification additives on the properties of multilayer composite coating obtained in laser surfacing

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