Winter convective events and bottom water warming in the Greenland Sea

Budéus, Gereon; Schneider, Wolfgang; Krause, Günther

doi:10.1029/98jc01563

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[9] The density step and the temperature maximum are slowly displaced vertically [Budéus et al, 1998;Karstensen et al, submitted manuscript, 2004], e.g., the temperature maximum sinks from about 1000 m in 1994 to about 1700 m depth in 2002. This vertical displacement has to be taken into account, when vertical profiles of, e.g., subsequent summers shall be compared.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each single criterion may lead to a different result. This is probably the main reason for disparate values of the ventilation depth in the same winter determined by different authors (compare Budéus et al [1998] and Verduin and Quadfasel [1999], for instance). Here, a consistent method is used to identify the convection depth, which is presented by Ronski and Budéus (submitted manuscript, 2004).…”

Section: Identification Of Winter Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperatures and salinities within the temperature maximum stayed unchanged, while it descended again. As in the year before, the salinity decrease within the intermediate layer indicates plume convection, reaching down to a depth of 900 m in 1997-1998. 3.5.…”

Section: Year 1997 --1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] Various criteria, like a freshwater input [Meincke et al, 1992;Budéus et al, 1993;Dickson et al, 1996;Budéus et al, 1998;Verduin and Quadfasel, 1999;Visbeck and Rhein, 1999], an increase of small-scale fluctuations [Budéus et al, 1993;Wolf et al, 1997], or a vertical homogenization of the water column [Clarke et al, 1990;Wadhams et al, 2002] are commonly used to identify convection in the Greenland Sea. Each single criterion may lead to a different result.…”

Section: Identification Of Winter Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the late 1990s, also the concept of a vertically homogeneous deep water dome reaching close to the surface had to be altered as observations showed a prevailing stratification at intermediate depth ( Figure 1b). The vertical structure is now dominated by an intermediate temperature maximum which is combined with an enhanced salinity and density gradient [Budéus et al, 1998; Water mass transformation in the Greenland Sea during the 1990s, submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, hereinafter referred to as Karstensen et al, submitted manuscript, 2004]. Above this gradient, an intermediate layer is found, from which the deep waters are decoupled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time series of winter convection in the Greenland Sea

Ronski

Budéus

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] In spite of the lack of bottom reaching convection in the Greenland Sea since the 1980s, convection continues to ventilate the Greenland Gyre down to intermediate depth.The variability of this ventilation activity is determined here annually for eight winters according to a multiple criteria catalogue, applied to annual summer conductivitytemperature-depth transects along 75°N. The comparison of the ventilation depths with the meteorological forcing, the ice cover, and the stratification of the water column shows the decisive influence of the hydrographic structure in the upper and intermediate layers.Ice, on the other hand, is not necessary for convection to occur. Ice formation does not even lead to particularly deep convection. A stability maximum, which currently dominates the vertical structure of the water column at medium depth, limits the ventilation depths effectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Winter Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Year 1997 --1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Winter Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time series of winter convection in the Greenland Sea

Ronski

Budéus

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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Fram Strait and Greenland Sea transports, water masses, and water mass transformations 1999–2010 (and beyond)

et al. 2016

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The exchanges between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the ocean circulation and climate. Transports are here estimated using summer hydrographic data from the Greenland Sea and the Fram Strait. Geostrophic transports are computed from hydrographic sections at 75°N in the Greenland Sea and at about 79°N in the Fram Strait. Geostrophic velocities are adjusted with summer velocities derived from Argo floats, and four conservation constraints are applied to a box closed by the two sections. The estimated net volume transports are 0.8 ± 1.5 Sv southward. Net freshwater transports through the Greenland Sea section are estimated at 54 ± 20 mSv and through the Fram Strait section at 66 ± 9 mSv. Heat loss in the area between the two sections is estimated at 9 ± 12 TW. Convection depths in the Greenland Sea are estimated from observations and vary between about 200 and 2000 dbar showing no trend. Water mass properties in the Greenland Sea are affected both by convection and lateral mixing. Vertical mixing is estimated from hydrography and based on it about 1 Sv of diluted Arctic Ocean waters are estimated to enter the Greenland Sea. The properties of Atlantic, intermediate, and deep waters are studied. Deep water properties are defined using water mass triangles and are subject to decadal changes.

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The Odden ice tongue and Greenland Sea convection

Wadhams

1999

Weather

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Winter convective events and bottom water warming in the Greenland Sea

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Time series of winter convection in the Greenland Sea

Time series of winter convection in the Greenland Sea

Fram Strait and Greenland Sea transports, water masses, and water mass transformations 1999–2010 (and beyond)

The Odden ice tongue and Greenland Sea convection

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