Winter distribution of wild reindeer in relation to power lines, roads and resorts

Nellemann, Christian; Vistnes, Ingunn; Jordhøy, Per; Strand, Olav

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00082-9

Cited by 124 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Telkwa caribou responded most strongly to roads, demonstrating avoidance of high road densities in the summer, regardless of time period. This is consistent with current literature, which suggests that caribou strongly avoid linear features because of predator or human-caused risk (Nellemann et al 2001, Dyer et al 2002, Latham 2009, Ehlers 2012. The response during the winter was much less clear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Many studies have shown that caribou avoid mines, settlements, forestry, recreational activity, and linear features, with the magnitude of avoidance varying with the intensity of the activity (e.g., Dyer et al 2001, Nellemann et al 2001, Polfus et al 2011, Johnson and Russell 2014. Avoidance may be a product of increased predation risk or perceived risk associated with disturbance and can result in the direct loss of high-quality habitat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial factors influencing northern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus) survival and distribution in the Telkwa Range

Grant¹

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Human-induced habitat alteration has led to the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations across Canada. The many challenges in conserving caribou are exemplified by a herd of northern mountain caribou in the Telkwa Range of central British Columbia. Despite population augmentation in the 1990s, this herd has declined to 18individuals, yet mechanisms driving this decline are largely unknown. I used location data from caribou collared between 1991-2015 to investigate the influence of human disturbances -including forestry, roads, and recreation -on survival (N = 224) and habitat selection (N = 76). Results suggested that the decline of this herd was largely driven by a shift in predatorprey dynamics following forest harvest. Further exacerbating the decline were the cumulative effects of disturbance in the Telkwa Range. Roads, recreation, and forestry influenced the distribution of the Telkwa caribou herd, ultimately affecting habitat availability and the ability of caribou to successfully manage predation risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial factors influencing northern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus) survival and distribution in the Telkwa Range

Grant¹

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“…We therefore relied on estimates of disturbance distances derived from previous studies. Different studies, however, show different responses by caribou to different seasons (Wilson et al, 2012) and types of infrastructure (Nellemann et al, 2001). Additionally, the methods used to estimate disturbance (Ficetola and Denoël, 2009) and the scale at which studies occur (Vistnes and Nellemann, 2008) can influence estimates and their interpretation.…”

Section: Evaluating Effects Of the Proposed Roadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, during calving, females with calves will avoid developed areas up to 5 km (Cameron et al, 2005). In winter, avoidance of areas adjacent to roads has been found to be dependent on activity levels (Cumming and Hyer, 1998;Nellemann et al, 2001). In particular, Cumming and Hyer (1998) found that caribou used areas near an unused logging road, but avoided the area during a winter when there was logging traffic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Potential Effects of an Industrial Road on Winter Habitat of Caribou in North-Central Alaska

Wilson¹,

Gustine²,

Joly³

2014

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Worldwide, some caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations are experiencing declines due partially to the expansion of industrial development. Caribou can exhibit behavioral avoidance of development, leading to indirect habitat loss, even if the actual footprint is small. Thus, it is important to understand before construction begins how much habitat might be affected by proposed development. In northern Alaska, an industrial road that has been proposed to facilitate mining transects a portion of the Western Arctic caribou herd's winter range. To understand how winter habitat use might be affected by the road, we estimated resource selection patterns during winter for caribou in a study area surrounding the proposed road. We assessed the reductions of habitat value associated with three proposed routes at three distance thresholds for disturbance. High-value winter habitat tended to occur in locally rugged areas that have not burned recently and have a high density of lichen and early dates of spring snowmelt. We found that 1.5% to 8.5% (146-848 km 2 ) of existing high-value winter habitat in our study area might be reduced in quality. The three alternative routes were only marginally different. Our results suggest that the road would have minimal direct effects on high-value winter habitat; however, additional cumulative impacts to caribou (e.g., increased access by recreationists and hunters) should be considered before the full effects of the road can be estimated.Key words: Alaska, caribou, development, Rangifer tarandus, resource selection, roads, winter RÉSUMÉ. À l'échelle mondiale, certaines populations de caribous (Rangifer tarandus) connaissent des déclins partiellement attribuables à l'expansion industrielle. Pour des raisons de comportement, le caribou peut éviter le développement, ce qui entraîne une perte d'habitat indirecte, et ce, même si la place réellement occupée est petite. Par conséquent, il est important de comprendre, avant même que des travaux de construction ne soient amorcés, dans quelle mesure l'habitat sera touché par les travaux proposés. Dans le nord de l'Alaska, une route industrielle dont la construction a été proposée pour faciliter l'exploitation minière coupe transversalement une partie de l'aire d'hivernage du troupeau de caribous de l'ouest de l'Arctique. Afin de comprendre comment l'utilisation de l'habitat d'hivernage pourrait être touchée par la route, nous avons estimé des modèles de sélection des ressources pendant l'hiver pour le caribou se trouvant dans une aire d'étude entourant la route proposée. Nous avons évalué la diminution de la valeur de l'habitat liée à trois routes proposées à trois seuils de distance afin d'en déterminer la perturbation. Un habitat d'hivernage de grande valeur avait tendance à se manifester dans les régions locales accidentées qui n'avaient pas fait l'objet de brûlages récents, régions caractérisées par une forte densité de lichen et une fonte des neiges hâtive au printemps. Dans le cadre de notre étude, nous avons constaté que la qual...

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“…Consider finally a reduction in the vegetation carrying capacity K, which may be caused by, say, encroachments such as infrastructure expansions and cottage villages (Nellemann et al 2001). Reindeer herdsmen have frequently claimed such encroachments to have reduced the vegetation cover over the past decades (Kitti, Gunslay, and Forbes 2006).…”

Section: Cost Advantage Of Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Common Property Exploitation with Rewards

Johannesen¹,

Skonhoft²

2009

Land Economics

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ABSTRACT. This paper analyzes coalition formation in a livestock-pasture system where livestock are privately owned and the pasture is a common property. While standard models predict rather low prospects of cooperation, this paper introduces a cost advantage of cooperation based on Saami reindeer herding that may explain higher coalition participation. In contrast to the existing fishery literature on coalition formation, all players are assumed ex ante homogenous but may differ ex post due to the cost advantage. A stable equilibrium with cooperation can be reached and a moderate exploitation level can be sustained compared to the ''tragedy of the commons'' outcome. (JEL Q24)

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Winter distribution of wild reindeer in relation to power lines, roads and resorts

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

Spatial factors influencing northern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus) survival and distribution in the Telkwa Range

Spatial factors influencing northern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus) survival and distribution in the Telkwa Range

Evaluating Potential Effects of an Industrial Road on Winter Habitat of Caribou in North-Central Alaska

Local Common Property Exploitation with Rewards

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