Winter dormancy in New Zealand biota and its paleoclimatic implications

Dumbleton, L. J.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.1967.10428742

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While overwintering was found in a great many species, few conclusive cases of diapause were found. Lack of diapause in New Zealand insects and native plants are both thought to be caused by the milder climate during the Pleistocene when diapause was evolving (Dumbleton 1967). Recently diapause has been documented in the New Zealand moth Stathmopoda aposema Meyrick (Muggleston 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic control of larval development rate inPlanotortrix excessana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Evidence for larval diapause

Morris

1990

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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The larval development rate and pupal weights of Planotortrix excessana Walker were monitored under seven different 24 h photoperiods. Larvae developed through 5-7 instal's with the extra instars being most common in females. Photoperiod had a significant effect on the duration of all instars, total larval period, and number of instars.The response for both larval duration and instar number was typical of insects in which diapause occurs during long days. Evidence for the presence of a photoperiodically induceddiapause is discussed. Disturbance oflarvae during head-capsule measurement significantly reduced pupal weight in both sexes but had no effect on larval duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic control of larval development rate inPlanotortrix excessana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Evidence for larval diapause

Morris

1990

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…Olearia has been shown to be a polyphyletic group (Cross et al 2002), and deciduousness seems to be an independent development within a distinctive New Zealand clade as suggested earlier by Dumbleton (1967), as does that in the endemic Hoheria and the largely New Zealand-based genera Carmichaelia, Coprosma, and Plagianthus.…”

Section: Biogeographical Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Genuine disagreement as to whether or not a species should be classified as deciduous can thus arise, and erroneous attributions made on the basis of casual observations. Several compilations of indigenous deciduous plants have been made, but they vary considerably as to which species are included (Cockyane 1928;Dumbleton 1967;Batcheler 1989;Godley 1975;Wardle 1991). Species with substantial leaf loss at some point in the annual cycle are listed and assigned to a leaf loss category (Table 1), based on the previous literature and our own observations.…”

Section: Indigenous Deciduous Species In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two explanations (not necessarily exclusive) for the low representation of deciduous species in the woody flora of New Zealand have been proposed: (1) extreme isolation of the New Zealand flora from the cold-adapted flora of the Northern Hemisphere (Du Rietz 1960;Axelrod 1966;Wardle 1991); and (2) the present mild, oceanic climate regime (Dawson 1988) and relatively benign Pleistocene climates (Rutland 1888;Dumbleton 1967) compared with those of the Northern Hemisphere. As evergreenness has been suggested as a strategy to minimise nutrient loss on infertile soils (Aerts 1995), a further explanation, (3) low nutrient status of New Zealand soils, can be added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter leaf loss in the New Zealand woody flora

McGlone

Dungan

Hall

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Approximately 27 species (c. 5%) of the New Zealand woody flora have a marked loss of leaves in winter, although only 10 species are consistently fully deciduous and no extensive vegetation type is dominated by them. There are no summer deciduous species. The deciduous habit appears in most cases to have evolved independently within New Zealand from either ancestors or immigrants with short leaf life spans. New Zealand deciduous or semideciduous species typically lose substantial numbers of leaves throughout the growing season, and leaf loss is often gradual throughout winter but accelerated by frost. The deciduous habit in New Zealand tends to be a leaf-or shoot-level feature reflecting short leaf life spans and winter stress on individual shoots, rather than a systematic feature of the canopy-level organisation of the plant. Degree of deciduousness varies with taxon, plant age, climate, and soil fertility. A physiological study of cooccurring fully deciduous (Fuchsia excorticata) and semideciduous (Aristotelia serrata) trees in the South Island established that higher growing-season productivity of Fuchsia compensated for carbon gain forgone over winter. However, Fuchsia was significantly favoured over Aristotelia only on the coldest sites. Aside from some inland basins of the South Island, New Zealand has milder winters than those that favour deciduous taxa globally, and this is the primary reason for the low incidence of deciduous species. Even so, a number of deciduous species are common throughout. New Zealand deciduous trees and shrubs are typically fast growing and are characteristic of seral or forest marginal habitat on nutrient-rich soils developed in recent alluvium or debris. The relatively low nutrient status of most New Zealand forest soils makes a deciduous phenology, with its necessarily high turnover of nutrients, less competitive than a nutrient-conserving evergreen phenology. Deciduous species are often also divaricating, or have close relatives that are, and share a preference for nutrient-rich soils with this growth form. This strong relationship between the two habits suggests both are, in part, adaptations to stressful climates by plants with high-productivity leaves.

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“…Roberts (1978) went on to suggest that its rarity in phytophagous insects was a result of the availability of a year round food supply from the predominantly evergreen native flora. The predominance ofnon-diapause insects and evergreen plant species was attributed by Dumbleton (1967) to the warmer climate in New Zealand during the Pleistocene when diapause was evolving in the Northern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%