Winter ecology of nonmigratory Alpine red deer

Schmidt, Karoline T.

doi:10.1007/bf00323494

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In general, deer avoid using steep slopes (Ganskopp and Vavra 1987) and it is best to remain undisturbed in order to minimize unnecessary energy loss in winter (Moen 1976). Schmidt (1993) described that Austrian Alps red deer winter habitat was based on energy conservation and on minimizing energy expenditures, which corresponds to our results.…”

Section: Autumn Migrationsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Seasonal Migration of Sika Deer in the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, Central Japan

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Movements and seasonal home ranges of 6 GPS collared sika deer were investigated at the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, central Honshu, from April 2009 to March 2010. All deer migrated between discrete summer and winter home ranges. The linear migration distance ranged from 2.5 to 31.9 km. Mean elevation during the summer and the winter ranged from 980 to 1,782 m, and from 1,204 to 1,723 m, respectively. Two deer were upward migrants and 4 deer were downward migrants. Taking into consideration of the relatively small snow accumulation in the summer home range, the possibility of autumn migration to avoid deep snow is low. The percentage of steep slope in the winter home range was higher than that in the summer. Bamboo grass was not found in the summer home range, but was predominant in the winter home range. Road density decreased in the winter home range compared to the summer. Only 2 out of 6 deer stayed mainly in the wildlife protection area during the winter. Our results indicate that the autumn migration was affected by winter forage and human disturbance, thereby assured the survival of the deer during winter.

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Section: Autumn Migrationsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Meanwhile, not only elevation but also snow cover patterns determine the suitability of the winter habitat of deer (Schmidt 1993). Igota et al (2004) found that the upward migrants wintered in less snow areas and utilized more coniferous cover in the winter, because of relatively small snow depth under canopy closure (D'Eon 2004).…”

Section: Autumn Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Migration of Sika Deer in the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, Central Japan

et al. 2012

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“…In general, spatial behaviour of mammals is influenced by a variety of physiological, ecological and social factors, such as metabolic needs (McNab 1963), body mass (Harestad and Bunell 1979;Lindstedt et al 1986), mating system (Clutton-Brock and Harvey 1978;Clutton-Brock 1989), age (Georgii and Schröder 1983;Szemethy et al 1998;Kamler et al 2008), population density (Vincent et al 1995;Loe et al 2009), distribution of feeding habitats (Schmidt 1993;Mysterud et al 2001) and predation and human disturbance (Hebblewhite and Merrill 2007), resulting in a significant seasonal variation. In this context, ungulates of northern hemispheres reduce food intake, activity and movement during winter within restricted home ranges (Georgii 1980;Clutton-Brock et al 1982;Georgii and Schröder 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home range and migration patterns of male red deer Cervus elaphus in Western Carpathians

2014

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This study provides for the first time in the Carpathians analysis of spatial behaviour of 20 male red deer monitored during 2005-2013 using radio-telemetry. Two distinct spatial patterns were displayed in the same local population, i.e. residential and migratory. Residential annual home ranges were significantly smaller compared to migratory ones using both Minimum Convex Polygon and Kernel Home Range, due to periodic movement of migrants between distinct seasonal ranges. Residents remained in the same area throughout the year and showed a positive age effect on the home range size. While seasonal ranges of migrants were comparable in size, residents surprisingly expanded their space use in winter compared to other seasons. Fidelity to seasonal ranges over the years, especially winter, was striking and comparable in both migrants and residents with increasing tendency throughout the year (37-68 %). Vertical differences in home range altitudes were most obvious in migrants, although in both migrant types, significant descent was recorded during the winter. The longest horizontal movements were recorded in three young stags emigrating to neighbouring mountain ranges (30, 47 and 65 km). Because 45 % of the population seems to be migratory, the data support importance of large-scale hunting management established in Slovakia in 2009.

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“…Roe deer and Red deer are usually attracted to sites which are warm and where vegetation is accessible (i.e. covered by less snow) or abundant, such as sunny patches, low elevations, and dense understories [34,41,46,49,54,55]. At these desirable spots, browsing on seedlings is likely to be intense unless enough alternative food is available [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of increased deer browsing winter on silver fir and spruce regeneration in the Southern Vosges mountains: Implications for forest management

Heuzé¹,

Schnitzler²,

Klein

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Forest and wildlife management practices in the Vosges have changed rapidly during the last 200 years, modifying interactions between animals and plants, especially deer and silver fir. In order to assess the impact of browsing on fir regeneration, we compared two sets of similar forests which differed primarily in terms of deer population dynamics and history. On slopes with southern exposures, many fir seedlings did not reach heights above 30 cm and spruce developed; this was related to browsing intensity. Spruce expansion was also facilitated by its presence in nearby mature stands, and was not related to a particularly high level of browsing. Of the six site characteristics taken into consideration, only the presence of foliage from the understorey above seedlings was found to benefit fir by limiting spruce development and reducing browsing intensity. Results are discussed in light of current and proposed management practices for silver fir-beech forests and their wildlife.silver fir-beech forest / regeneration / browsing / deer / management Résumé -Conséquences de l'augmentation de l'abroutissement hivernal par les cerfs et chevreuils sur la régénération du sapin et de l'épicéa dans les Vosges du Sud. Implications pour la gestion forestière. Les récents changements de gestion forestière et faunistique ont profondément modifié les interactions entre la flore et la faune, notamment entre les cervidés et le sapin. Pour évaluer l'impact de l'abroutissement sur la régénération du sapin, nous avons comparé deux ensembles de forêts sur la base de conditions environnementales similaires mais à différents degrés de colonisation par les cervidés. Les résultats montrent que les sapins des versants exposés sud subissent une pression d'abroutissement forte et poussent difficilement au-delà de 30 cm, alors que l'épicéa est particulièrement abondant. L'expansion de l'épicéa au détriment du sapin abrouti est également facilitée par sa présence parmi les arbres matures, mais ici sans relation avec un abroutissement particulièrement fort du sapin. Un seul facteur parmi les sept étudiés joue en faveur du sapin : la présence d'une strate arbustive, qui limite le développement de l'épicéa et réduit l'abroutissement du sapin. Les résultats sont discutés en relation avec la gestion actuelle des hêtraie-sapinières vosgiennes et de leur faune, et des propositions sont émises pour une gestion qui intègre davantage la présence des animaux.hêtraie-sapinière / régénération / abroutissement / cervidés / gestion

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Winter ecology of nonmigratory Alpine red deer

Cited by 61 publications

References 8 publications

Seasonal Migration of Sika Deer in the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, Central Japan

Seasonal Migration of Sika Deer in the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, Central Japan

Home range and migration patterns of male red deer Cervus elaphus in Western Carpathians

Consequences of increased deer browsing winter on silver fir and spruce regeneration in the Southern Vosges mountains: Implications for forest management

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