Winter Forage Crops Reduced Fine Dust in Saemangeum Reclaimed Tideland during High Concentration of Fine Dust Season

Abstract

In South Korea, the concentration of fine dust is highest in spring, when the consumption of fossil fuels for heating and power generation is high, and thus efforts to reduce it are underway nationally. Cultivation of forage crops in the Saemangeum reclaimed land can not only increase the income of farmers and decrease the cost for forage, but also reduce the concentration of fine dust. Cultivating forage crops increases the adsorption of fine dust and reduce the generation of scattering dust by stabilizing the soil. However, there is no study on the effects of winter crop cultivation on fine dust in reclaimed land. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of cultivation of winter crops (forage crops and grassland crops) on fine dust reduction during the high-concentration season (spring). Tall fescue (TF) and Italian ryegrass (IRG), which have evaluated to have excellent adaptation in reclaimed land, were sown in October 2019, and fine dust concentration was measured at 1 m and 2 m above ground in April to June 2020. The concentration of fine dust in the early stage of crop growth (April) was not affected by the treatment and the measured height. However, on May 12 -13, the period when crops are growing vigorously, and May 20 -21, just before harvest, the concentration of fine dust decreased at all measurement times by IRG at a measurement height of 1 m. However, there was no effect of reducing the concentration of fine dust by the TF. This is thought to be because the IRG leaf area is wider than the TF and the concentration of fine dust has decreased due to the adsorption of fine dust to the IRG leaf. At a measurement height of 2 m, there was no difference in concentration regardless of the monitoring location, which means that there was an effect of reducing the concentration of fine dust by the crop only at the point close to the crop. In this study, the effect of cultivation of winter crops on reducing fine dust in Saemangeum reclaimed land was identified, and it is judged that the mechanism of fine dust reduction can be elucidated through analysis of components according to the treatment area after collecting fine dust.

Reductions of Particulate Matters Emission by Soil Surface Management of Potato-Cultivated Fields in Saemangeum Reclaimed Land

“…최근 전라북도 지역은 벼, 감자 등을 재배하는 농경지와 인접해 있는 새만금간척지에서 진행중인 새만금간척사업 (2050년 완공 예정)으로 생성된 농생명용지 (9,430 ha)에서 비산먼지가 많이 발생하여, 인근지역의 피해가 지속적으 로 보고되면서 사회적인 문제로 대두되고 있다 (Kwak et al, 2021). 비산먼지는 농작물 생장에 필요한 햇빛을 차단하 여 생산량을 감소시키는데 (Shuai et al, 2013;Li et al, 2018), 특히, 식생이 발달하지 않은 초기 간척지에서는 먼지가 염분과 같이 비산되어 농작물 염해 사례도 보고된 바 있다 (Hwang et al, 2009).…”

“…또한, 대부분 점토함량이 5% 이하인 미사질양토와 사질양 토로 구성되어 있으며, 토양의 유기물 함량이 낮아 입단 형성이 불량하기 때문에 풍식에 대한 저항성이 낮다 (Son and Cho, 2000;Son et al, 2009). 따라서, 새만금간척지에서는 새만금 조성사업이 추진된 이후 미세먼지를 저감하기 위 한 토양 수분 관리 (Kim, 2005), 풍속 감소를 위한 방풍림 조성 (Hwang et al, 2008), 식물 재배를 통해 피복율 증가 (Hwang et al, 2009;Kwak et al, 2021) 등 다양한 미세먼지 감축 연구가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 새만금간척지에서는 국내 가축 사료 자급률 제고와 병행하여 동계 사료작물을 재배하여 작물에 의한 토양표 면 풍속 저감을 통해 구름비산과 도약비산의 억제 효과에 대해 연구가 사회적인 주목을 받으며 수행되었다 (Park and Lee, 2000;Song et al, 2007) 시험 포장 토양은 파종 전에 표토 (0 -20 cm)를 채취하여 풍건한 후, 2 mm 체를 통과한 시료에 대해 pH, EC 1:5 , 유 기물 및 유효인산, 교환성 양이온 함량 등을 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학기술원 토양분석법 (NIAST, 2000)에 준하여 분 석하였다.…”