Winter gas exchange between the atmosphere and snow-covered soils on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA

Liptzin, Daniel; Helmig, Detlev; Schmidt, Steven K.; Seok, B.; Williams, Mark W.

doi:10.1080/17550874.2015.1065925

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…We found that the wintertime monoterpene concentrations in the O-horizon were high, and were the same order of magnitude as those reported inside snowpack during winters (Aaltonen et al 2012). Microbial activity may lead to VOC production in the snowpack close to the soil surface (Liptzin et al 2015).…”

Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Chamber flux measurements showed that some VOCs are released through the soil surface and snowpack into the atmosphere in December during continuous snow cover, which indicates that soil and snowpack are VOC sources or storages during wintertime. So far, there are only a very small number of other studies that have measured or estimated VOC fluxes during wintertime and more research is needed to relate soil VOCs to microbial processes (Aaltonen et al 2012;Liptzin et al 2015).…”

Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boreal forest soil is a significant and diverse source of volatile organic compounds

et al. 2019

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Aims Vegetation emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are intensively studied worldwide , because oxidation products of VOCs contribute to atmospheric processes. The overall aim of this study was to identify and quantify the VOCs that originate from boreal podzolized forest soil at different depths, in addition to studying the association of VOC concentrations with VOC and CO 2 fluxes from the boreal forest floor. Methods This is the first published study that measures belowground VOC concentrations at different depths in a podzol soil combined with simultaneous flux measurements from the boreal forest floor. The VOC concentrations were determined by sampling VOCs from air inside soil layers using the gas collectors and adsorbent tubes. Forest floor VOC fluxes were determined using a dynamic enclosure technique. All the VOC samples were analysed using a thermal desorption-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Results More than 50 VOCs, dominated by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were detected in the air space in the soil during two measurement campaigns. The Ohorizon was a significant monoterpene source, because it contained fresh isoprenoid-rich litter. Belowground monoterpene concentrations were largely decoupled from forest floor monoterpene fluxes; thus, it seems that production processes and storages of VOCs partly differ from those VOCs that are simultaneously released from the forest floor. Both fluxes and concentrations of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes correlated with the CO 2 fluxes in autumn, indicating that VOC release was driven by microbial activity. Conclusions This is the first study where below-ground VOC concentrations were quantified in situ, and for this reason, this study provides valuable insights to the VOC sources present in soils.

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Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boreal forest soil is a significant and diverse source of volatile organic compounds

et al. 2019

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“…Many researches have studied the influences of snow depth on CO 2 fluxes during the winter period 20,41 . They found that snow removal would cause a reduction of CO 2 fluxes, whereas snow addition would increase CO 2 fluxes (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparison, high-throughput sequencing technology can clearly describe the soil microbial diversities and composition. For example, Liptzin et al (2015) reported that in the Niwot area of Colorado, winter soil bacteria mainly included Cytophaga and Flexibacter, but the dominant microorganism under snowpack was SMF (snow mold fungi) 41 . Whether or not this conclusion is suitable for other regions has yet needed to be confirmed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Snow depths’ impact on soil microbial activities and carbon dioxide fluxes from a temperate wetland in Northeast China

Wang

Bai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Snow depth may have a complex influence on carbon cycling in winter. Here we set up a field experiment to investigate how different snow depths (0 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm) influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) in a wetland. The mean ± standard error of CO 2 emissions under snow addition treatments (60 cm and 90 cm snow depths) were 0.92 ± 0.16 g•cm −2 •s −1 and 0.53 ± 0.16 g•cm −2 •s −1 , respectively, compared with snow removal treatment (0 cm snow depth), 0.11 ± 0.05 g•cm −2 •s −1. In general, snow addition increased co 2 fluxes significantly. As snow depths increased, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and bacterial diversities increased drastically. More important, the community of bacteria differed under different treatments. Firmicutes, which can resist dehydration and extremely low temperatures, was widely distributed in the snow removal treatment, where it sustained soil biochemical processes. Overall, our study indicates that snow cover counteracts the negative effects on soil microbial activities caused by low temperatures and could play a critical role in winter carbon cycling in wetlands. As a result of global warming, precipitation (including snow) has changed significantly during the past several decades, and permafrost in high latitude areas has begun to melt 1,2. Soil organic carbon exposed to the air was decomposed by microorganisms and emitted into the atmosphere, which may aggravate global warming 3. Therefore, there has been a large amount of research interest on carbon cycling in the context of climate change 4,5 , especially CO 2. Wetlands in particular are generally considered as a large soil organic carbon pool 6. Although northern hemisphere wetlands cover only 3% of the earth's land area, they store 400-600 Gt of C, accounting for 1/4 to 1/3 of global soil organic carbon 7-9. So it is very important to develop studies of carbon cycling in these regions. However, most of the studies were set up in growing season, but few in winter 10. Several studies have shown that carbon emissions still occur in winter in northern wetlands, and these emissions also play an important role in global carbon cycling 11-13. More than 3-40% of carbon accumulated through photosynthesis in the growing season will release through winter respiration 14 , accounting for about 4.4-21.6% of annual carbon releases 11-13,15. However, this type of research has not yet been performed sufficiently, due to the difficulties of field measurements in winter, and still requires further discussion 10,16. Snow is the major variable in northern wetlands in winter, impacting CO 2 fluxes in wetlands. For example, Blankinship and Hart (2012) found decreased snow depth could cause a 35% reduction in CO 2 fluxes 17. Li et al. (2016) also found that increased snow depth could increase the soil-atmosphere CO 2 fluxes 18. Since snow cover isolates soil from cold air, it usually generates a soil microclimate for carbon emissions 19,20. However, there are still few experiments which have mainly studied how different snow depths impact on winter CO 2 flux...

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“…We found that the wintertime monoterpene concentrations in the organic layer were high, and were in 25 the same order of magnitude as those reported inside snowpack during winters (Aaltonen et al, 2012). Microbial activity can lead VOC production in the snowpack close to the soil surface (Liptzin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Seasonal and Inter-annual Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boreal forest soil is a significant and diverse source of volatile organic compounds

Mäki

Aaltonen

Heinonsalo

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Vegetation emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are intensively studied world-wide because oxidation products of VOCs contribute to atmospheric processes, but the quantities by which different species of VOCs are produced by soil, or how effectively belowground VOCs are released into the atmosphere from soil remains largely unknown. This is the first published study that measures belowground VOC concentrations at different depths in a podzol combined with simultaneous soil surface flux measurements in a boreal coniferous forest. More than 50 VOCs, dominated by monoterpenes 15 and sesquiterpenes, were detected in the air space in the soil during the two measurement campaigns. Organic forest soil was a significant monoterpene source as it contained fresh isoprenoid-rich litter, and the concentrations of monoterpenes were comparable to the VOC concentrations in the air above the coniferous forest. Belowground monoterpene concentrations were largely decoupled from forest floor monoterpene fluxes; thus, it seems that production processes and storages of VOCs partly differ from those VOCs that are simultaneously emitted from the soil surface. Relatively high isoprenoid concentrations were 20 measured under snow cover, which indicates that snow and ice cover hinders gas diffusion and causes belowground accumulation of VOCs when the activity of vegetation is very low.

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Winter gas exchange between the atmosphere and snow-covered soils on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

Boreal forest soil is a significant and diverse source of volatile organic compounds

Boreal forest soil is a significant and diverse source of volatile organic compounds

Snow depths’ impact on soil microbial activities and carbon dioxide fluxes from a temperate wetland in Northeast China

Boreal forest soil is a significant and diverse source of volatile organic compounds

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