Winter Ice Processes and Pool Habitat Associated with Two Types of Constructed Instream Structures

Barrineau, Christina E.; Hubert, Wayne A.; Dey, Paul; Annear, Thomas C.

doi:10.1577/m04-122.1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, the focus on winter-related issues in lotic fish research during the last decade or so has provided much new information about overwintering fish. Still, further work is needed so that we may be better able to manage boreal rivers and streams (Cunjak 1996;Huusko and Yrjänä, 1997;Alfredsen and Tesaker 2002;Barrineau et al, 2005). The majority of research conducted on the winter ecology of salmonids has been carried out in small rivers and streams, where the temperature remains a few degrees above zero and with no ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the ice lane: the winter ecology of stream salmonids

Huusko¹,

Greenberg

Stickler

et al. 2007

River Research & Apps

205

234

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Despite the common view that conditions in winter strongly influence survival and population size of fish, the ecology of salmonids has not been as extensively studied in winter as in other seasons. In this paper, we review the latest studies on salmonid winter survival, habitat use, movement and biotic interactions as they relate to the prevailing physical and habitat conditions in rivers and streams. The majority of research conducted on the winter ecology of salmonids has been carried out in small rivers and streams, where temperatures are above zero and where there is no ice. Investigations in large rivers, regulated and dredged rivers, and under conditions of different ice formations are almost totally lacking, presumably related to sampling difficulties with these systems. The studies-at-hand indicate that a multitude of physical and biological factors affect the survival, behavior, and habitat use of salmonids in winter. The general concept that winter functions as a critical period for the survival of young salmonids is not well supported by the literature. Instead, overwinter survival of juvenile fish appears to be context-dependent, related to specific habitat characteristics and ice regimes of streams. In general, over wintering salmonids prefer sheltered, low velocity microhabitats, are mainly nocturnal, and interact relatively little with conspecifics or interspecifics. Specific descriptions of microhabitat preferences of salmonids are difficult to make due to highly disparate results from the literature. We suggest that future research should be directed towards (1) being able to predict the dynamics of freezing and ice processes at different scales, especially at the local scale, (2) studying fish behavior, habitat use and preference under partial and full ice cover, (3) evaluating the impacts of man-induced environmental modifications (e. g. flow regulation, land-use activities) on the ecology of salmonids in winter, and (4) identifying methods to model and assess winter habitat conditions for salmonids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the ice lane: the winter ecology of stream salmonids

Huusko¹,

Greenberg

Stickler

et al. 2007

River Research & Apps

205

234

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“…The formation of local pools and slow‐flowing areas upstream of anchor ice dams results in closure of the water table by surface ice, shortening the period of dynamic ice formation. In cases where protruding boulders and coarse bed particles increase turbulence, they may nevertheless also favour the formation of anchor ice dams, since they offer a larger area for adhesion of frazil ice (Barrineau et al. , 2005; Stickler et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of river ice on riparian vegetation

2011

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1. Many rivers and streams experience pronounced ice dynamics caused by the formation of anchor and frazil ice, leading to flooding and disturbance of riparian and aquatic communities. However, the effects of dynamic ice conditions on riverine biota are little known. 2. We studied the formation of anchor ice in natural streams over 2 years and assessed the effects of anchor ice on riparian vegetation by comparing sites with frequent or abundant and little or no anchor ice formation. We also studied the direct impact of ice on riparian plants by experimentally creating ice in the riparian zone over three winters and by exposing plants of different life forms to )18°C cold ice in the laboratory. 3. Riparian species richness per 1-m 2 plot was higher at sites affected by anchor ice than at sites where anchor ice was absent or rare, whereas dominance was lower, suggesting that disturbance by ice enhances species richness. Species composition was more homogenous among plots at anchor ice sites. By experimentally creating riparian ice, we corroborated the comparative results, with species richness increasing in ice-treated plots compared to controls, irrespective of whether the sites showed natural anchor ice. 4. Because of human alterations of running waters, the natural effects of river ice on stream hydrology, geomorphology and ecology are little known. Global warming in northern streams is expected to lead to more dynamic ice conditions, offering new challenges for aquatic organisms and river management. Our results should stimulate new research, contributing to a better understanding of ecosystem function during winter.

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“…Numerical studies of the same structure indicated a decrease in flow area during ice conditions, causing an increase in sediment transport above what would occur in the absence of ice (Knack et al 2010). Hanging dams reduced pool volume and increased near-bed velocities at log-plunge structures on the South Cottonwood Creek, Wyoming, both of which increase the potential for scour (Barrineau et al 2005). Ice-control structures meant to hold back ice jams in locations upstream of risk areas have been at risk for scour and erosion, including a structure on the Salmon River in Connecticut (Briggs 2003) and on Cazenovia Creek in New York (USACE 2015).…”

Section: In-stream Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of modeling flow approaching navigation locks

Carr¹,

Dahl²

2017

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Ice in navigation channels and around structures can cause significant damage that requires expensive repairs. This damage can also trigger delays that have the potential to disrupt the entire navigation system, well beyond the reach of the stretches of water directly impacted by ice. One example is upstream of Melvin Price Lock and Dam where ice-induced scour was repaired at a cost in excess of $1,000,000 and the scour hole reappeared within a year of the repair. Therefore, this report outlines the risks to navigation and structures, including a review of the available literature.

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Winter Ice Processes and Pool Habitat Associated with Two Types of Constructed Instream Structures

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Life in the ice lane: the winter ecology of stream salmonids

Life in the ice lane: the winter ecology of stream salmonids

Effects of river ice on riparian vegetation

Validation of modeling flow approaching navigation locks

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