Winter rye cover crop biomass, nutrient uptake, and quality in response to fall and spring N fertilization

Vaughn, Kelsey; Adeyemi, Oladapo; Zandvakili, Omid Reza; Hunter, Dane; Nair, Jayakrishnan; Still, Steven M.; Sadeghpour, Amir

doi:10.1080/23311932.2022.2132843

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, applying nitrogen (N) in spring leads to a linear increase in the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the biomass of forage. To prevent environmental degradation and reduce production expenses, it is advisable to refrain from utilizing N application in autumn (Vaughn et al, 2022). As is well known, agroecosystems are simpler in structure and function and, accordingly, less stable than natural ecosystems (Pascual et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecological drivers of winter rye (Secale cereale) yield spatio-temporal variation

Zymaroieva,

Nykytiuk

2023

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The study of yield-limiting factors of rye, a typical European cereal, is a crucial concern today as it significantly impacts global food safety. The objecive of the study was to determine the contribution of agroecological factors, namely bioclimatic variables, soil parameters, and landscape diversity, to the variation of rye yields in the central and northern regions of Ukraine, which is one of the world’s five largest producers of this crop. A symmetric log-logistic model was used to describe the dynamics of rye yields, and the parameters of this model can be used to analyze the spatial dynamics of yields, in particular, such characteristic points of the yield model as: the lower limit of the response (the lowest yield level); the upper limit (the highest yield level); the slope of the response curve in the vicinity of the inflection point, which shows the rate of yield change over time, ED50 – the time required to reach half of the maximum yield growth. In the preliminary principal component analysis, we identified 4 climate principal components and 6 soil principal components. Landscape diversity was assessed based on the Shannon index and distance to the protected areas. The results of the regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the parameters of rye yield and the identified environmental drivers. Among the rye yield parameters, the highest sensitivity to environmental factors was the upper yield limit (70%), and the lowest was the rate of yield increase (25%). Only the highest rate of yield growth demonstrated liner dependence on the Shannon index. Among the soil factors, the most influential for rye yields was the particle size distribution and especially the sand content. The rye yield parameters were primarily influenced by the variability of the temperature regime throughout extreme periods of the year and contrast in the temperature conditions. The yield parameters of rye were contingent upon the diversity of the landscape cover. The correlation between almost all yield characteristics and landscape-ecological diversity was not linear, leading to the identification of an optimal level of diversity in natural protected areas which results in the best rye yields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecological drivers of winter rye (Secale cereale) yield spatio-temporal variation

Zymaroieva,

Nykytiuk

2023

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“…Harvesting time is one of their critical decisions in accomplishing this goal, because it impacts both WCR forage yield and quality and balancing this allows growers to be more profitable (Sadeghpour et al, 2022). Recent studies indicate that WCR can produce more than 3 Mg ha −1 DM in the Northeast and Midwest US at the boot stage (Jahanzad et al, 2016; Kantar et al, 2011; Ketterings et al, 2015; Landry et al, 2019; Vaughn et al, 2022). Often, the boot stage (Zadoks 41) (Zadoks et al, 1974) to early heading (Oelke et al, 1990) is desirable for dairy producers to harvest WCR for hay to achieve high forage quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen rate and harvesting time based on growing degree days influenced winter cereal rye morphological traits, forage yield, quality, and farm profit in poorly drained Alfisols

Vaughn,

Adeyemi,

Zandvakili

et al. 2024

Grass and Forage Science

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Winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (Zea mays L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on‐farm trials were conducted in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late‐March to end‐of‐April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilization (0, 23, 47, and 71 kg N ha−1) on WCR morphology, forage yield, nutrient removal, quality, and farm profit. Only two N treatments (0 and 47 kg N ha−1) were evaluated for each harvesting time in trial 1. A quadratic model best explained an increase in WCR dry matter (DM) yield in response to growing degree days (GDD) accumulation (R2 = 0.81). An increase in GDD linearly decreased WCR relative forage quality (RFQ). Benchmarking RFQ at 150 for dairy milk production indicates WCR should be harvested at a GDD of 543, at which WCR plant height was 31.8 cm and DM yield was 0.77 Mg ha−1. This resulted in loss of profit in both study years compared to later harvesting dates at higher GDDs. Benchmarking RFQ at 125 for heifer production indicated that harvest should occur at a GDD of 668, at which the WCR was 71 cm tall, and its DM yield was 2.25 Mg ha−1. Nitrogen balances were negative at the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha−1), indicating a need for some N to maximize WCR yield. We found that a rate between 21 and 47 kg N ha−1 maximizes yields reflecting slightly positive balances, in which the highest profits occur. Our results suggest that the harvesting time can be predicted by GDD and should be adjusted for RFQ. We conclude that less than 47 kg N ha−1 N fertilizer is required for WCR production in soils with manure history and high soil organic matter (>30 g kg−1).

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“…Soil fertility conditions are determinants for forage and grain yield of rye depending on the time of year, so nitrogen (N) application in spring increases the concentrations of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in forage biomass linearly. They should avoid N application in autumn to prevent environmental loss and decrease production costs [18]. In mono-culture, grain, yield stabilizes at 0.8 t ha −1 without fertilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rye Production under Acid Soils and Drought Conditions: An Alternative for the Sustainability of High Andean Livestock Farming in Peru

Carrasco-Chilón,

Alvarez-García,

Cervantes Peralta

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The rye (Secale cereale L.) crop shows a high potential to contribute to the sustainability of high Andean livestock because it supports the agroclimatic conditions and acid soils in the Peruvian Andes. The production of green forage, hay, and grain from the rye crop in acid soils was studied with the use of different levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilization in four local rye ecotypes (CBI-001, CSM-001, CJS-001, and CCE-001). The green forage yield (GFY) ranged from 32.35 to 53.62 t ha−1, dry matter from 6.05 to 8.56 t ha−1, and hay from 7.0 to 10.36 t ha−1; nutritional levels ranged from 9.02% to 13.56% protein and 6.50% to 7.75% ash levels, mainly with differences between ecotypes (p < 0.05). No differences existed between fertilization levels for the number of stems per plant, spikes per plant, and grains per ear (p > 0.05). Also, CBI-001 and CCE-001 were superior with 1868.4 and 1797.8 kg ha−1 of grain, respectively (p = 0.0072); the use of 60 kg ha of nitrogen, 120 kg ha−1 of P2O5, and 80 kg ha−1 of K2O gave higher grain and residue yields. The high nutritional value and yield of the rye ecotypes studied in acid soil conditions and without irrigation can be an alternative for livestock feeding and grain production in the rainy season in the Andes as a dual-purpose crop.

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Winter rye cover crop biomass, nutrient uptake, and quality in response to fall and spring N fertilization

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Agroecological drivers of winter rye (Secale cereale) yield spatio-temporal variation

Agroecological drivers of winter rye (Secale cereale) yield spatio-temporal variation

Nitrogen rate and harvesting time based on growing degree days influenced winter cereal rye morphological traits, forage yield, quality, and farm profit in poorly drained Alfisols

Rye Production under Acid Soils and Drought Conditions: An Alternative for the Sustainability of High Andean Livestock Farming in Peru

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