Winteraceous Pollen in the Lower Cretaceous of Israel: Early Evidence of a Magnolialean Angiosperm Family

Walker, James W.; Brenner, Gilbert J.; Walker, Audrey G.

doi:10.1126/science.220.4603.1273

Cited by 80 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This clade is represented by tetrads of monoporate grains that closely resemble pollen of living Winteraceae in their aperture and exine structure but have finer sculpture, from the late Barremian to Cenomanian of Gabon, Israel and Argentina (Walker et al 1983;Doyle et al 1990;Barreda and Archangelsky 2006;Schrank 2013). The phylogenetic analysis of Doyle and Endress (2010) supported the interpretation of the oldest pollen (Walkeripollis gabonensis; Figure 3(g)) as representing stem relatives of Winteraceae.…”

Section: Magnoliidsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Recognising angiosperm clades in the Early Cretaceous fossil record

Doyle

2014

Historical Biology

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Studies of the earliest Cretaceous angiosperms in the 1970s made only broad comparisons with living taxa, but discoveries of fossil flowers and increasingly robust molecular phylogenies of living angiosperms allow more secure recognition of extant clades. The middle to late Albian rise of tricolpate pollen and the first local dominance of angiosperm leaves mark the influx of near-basal lines of eudicots. Associated flowers indicate that palmately lobed 'platanoids' and Sapindopsis are both stem relatives of Platanus, while Nelumbites was related to Nelumbo (also Proteales) and Spanomera to Buxaceae. Monocots are attested by Aptian Liliacidites pollen and Acaciaephyllum leaves and Albian araceous inflorescences. Several Albian-Cenomanian fossils belong to Magnoliidae in the revised monophyletic sense, including Archaeanthus in Magnoliales and Virginianthus and Mauldinia in Laurales, while late Barremian pollen tetrads (Walkeripollis) are related to Winteraceae. In the basal ANITA grade, Nymphaeales are represented by Aptian and Albian flowers and whole plants (Monetianthus, Carpestella and Pluricarpellatia). Epidermal similarities of lower Potomac leaves to woody members of the ANITA grade are consistent with Albian flowers assignable to Austrobaileyales (Anacostia). Aptian to Cenomanian mesofossils represent both crown group Chloranthaceae (Asteropollis plant) and stem relatives of Chloranthaceae and/or Ceratophyllum (Canrightia, Zlatkocarpus, Pennipollis plant and possibly Appomattoxia).

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Section: Magnoliidsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Recognising angiosperm clades in the Early Cretaceous fossil record

Doyle

2014

Historical Biology

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“…Phylogenetic analysis (Doyle and Endress 2010) has linked monoporate tetrad pollen called Walkeripollis from the late Barremian of Gabon (Doyle et al 1990) with Winteraceae, in the Canellales. Similar pollen with sculpture more like that of living Winteraceae is known from the mid-Cretaceous of Israel (Walker et al 1983;Schrank 2013) and Argentina (Barreda and Archangelsky 2006). Evidence for Magnoliales and Laurales in the later Albian and Cenomanian is discussed below.…”

Section: Anita Lines and Magnoliidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiosperm Clades in the Potomac Group: What Have We Learned since 1977?

Doyle¹,

Upchurch²

2014

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History

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In their 1977 study on Potomac Group angiosperms, Hickey and Doyle made only broad comparisons with living taxa. Newer data, especially discoveries of fossil flowers in the Potomac and coeval deposits and increasingly robust molecular phylogenies of living angiosperms, allow more precise phylogenetic placement of fossils. Hickey and Doyle compared most early Potomac leaves (Aptian-early Albian) with "magnoliids," a paraphyletic group as then defined, but several clades can now be recognized. Leaves and dispersed cuticles share epidermal features with woody members of the basal ANITA grade, and in some cases crown group Austrobaileyales, whose presence is confirmed by flowers called Anacostia. Aptian-Albian flowers (Monetianthus, Carpestella) and whole plants (Pluricarpellatia) are nested in crown group Nymphaeales; Potomac reniform leaves could belong to this clade. Several Potomac leaves have chloranthoid teeth, venation, and opposite phyllotaxis consistent with Chloranthaceae, while Aptian to Cenomanian flowers reveal the presence of both crown group Chloranthaceae (Asteropollis plant, near Hedyosmum) and stem relatives of this family and/or Ceratophyllum (Canrightia, Zlatkocarpus, Pennipollis plant, possibly Appomattoxia). Phylogenetic analyses confirm interpretations of Aptian Liliacidites pollen and Acaciaephyllum as monocots. Ternately lobed leaves such as Vitiphyllum may represent basal eudicots, in or below Ranunculales. In the late Potomac (middle to late Albian), the rise of tricolpate pollen and local dominance of angiosperm leaves mark the influx of near-basal eudicot clades. Associated floral receptacles confirm that Nelumbites leaves were related to Nelumbo (Proteales), while heads of unisexual flowers indicate that both palmately lobed "platanoid" and pinnatifid Sapindopsis leaves (previously compared with rosids) were stem relatives of Platanus (also Proteales). Flowers called Spanomera are related to Buxaceae. Several Albian and early Cenomanian flowers belong to Magnoliidae in the new monophyletic sense, including Archaeanthus in Magnoliales and Virginianthus and Mauldinia in Laurales; Laurales are common in the late Albian leaf record.

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“…The pollen apertures are surrounded by a wide annulus-like rim in Drimys (PT 3), less pronounced in PT 1 (Takhtajania) and absent from PT 2 (Tasmannia) tetrads. Species showing PT 3 can be seen in Walker (1974), Walker & Doyle (1975), Lobreau-Callen (1977), Praglowski (1979), Walker et al (1983), Doyle (2000), andSampson (2007).…”

Section: S P E C I E S W I T H T H I S P T Tasmannia Brassiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen morphology of extant Winteraceae: a study allowing SEM-based affiliation of its fossil representatives

Grímsson¹,

Xafis²,

Neumann³

et al. 2017

Acta Palaeobotanica

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ABSTRACT. When applying high-resolution microscopy, the pollen morphology of extant taxa can be used to classify fossil pollen, that is, to address the latter in the established systematic-phylogenetic framework. Here we investigate tetrads and pollen features of 20 different Winteraceae species, most of them belonging to the early-diverging generic lineages Tasmannia, Drimys and Pseudowintera. The tetrads and pollen are grouped into eleven pollen types based on diagnostic features observed by both light and scanning electron microscopy. The high-resolution scanning electron micrographs of recent material allow detailed comparison with fossil material, resulting in a more accurate affiliation of fossil tetrads/pollen to extant lineages. As a case study, early Miocene Winteraceae tetrads from South Africa are re-examined and formally described. The systematic placement of the African fossils is discussed in light of the pollen types presented here.

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Winteraceous Pollen in the Lower Cretaceous of Israel: Early Evidence of a Magnolialean Angiosperm Family

Cited by 80 publications

References 11 publications

Recognising angiosperm clades in the Early Cretaceous fossil record

Recognising angiosperm clades in the Early Cretaceous fossil record

Angiosperm Clades in the Potomac Group: What Have We Learned since 1977?

Pollen morphology of extant Winteraceae: a study allowing SEM-based affiliation of its fossil representatives

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