Wintertime pollution level, size distribution and personal daily exposure to particulate matters in the northern and southern rural Chinese homes and variation in different household fuels

Du, Wei; Shen, Guofeng; Chen, Yuanchen; Zhuo, Shaojie; Xu, Yang; Li, Xinyue; Pan, Xuelian; Cheng, Hefa; Wang, Xilong; Tao, Shu

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.039

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…From the sight of nation level in our study, the South was much higher than the North in any season. Previous studies 26,111 have demonstrated that the difference could be related to the heating policy and household biofuel combustion. In the cold season, pipeline heating was widely performed in the urban area of the North, 112 which would lead to a further worsening of outdoor air quality status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization and exposure assessment of household fine particulate matter pollution in China

et al. 2021

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Household fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution greatly impacts residents' health. To explore the current national situation of household PM2.5 pollution in China, a study was conducted based on literature published from 1998 to 2018. After extracting data from the literature in conformity with the requirements, the nationwide household‐weighted mean concentration of household PM2.5 (HPL) was calculated. Subgroup analyses of spatial, geographic, and temporal differences were also done. The estimated overall HPL in China was 132.2 ± 117.7 μg/m3. HPL in the rural area (164.3 ± 104.5 μg/m3) was higher than that in the urban area (123.9 ± 122.3 μg/m3). For HPLs of indoor sampling sites, the kitchen was the highest, followed by the bedroom and living room. There were significant differences of geographic distributions. The HPLs in the South were higher than the North in four seasons. The inhaled dose of household PM2.5 among school‐age children differed from provinces with the highest dose up to 5.9 μg/(kg·d). Countermeasures should be carried out to reduce indoor pollution and safeguard health urgently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization and exposure assessment of household fine particulate matter pollution in China

et al. 2021

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“…These results are consistent with the Lijiang study, which found that the individual daily PM 2.5 exposure concentration when LPG and electric stoves were used was 91 μg/m 3 , but when biomass fuel was used, it was 119 μg/m 3 . Other studies have also found that using biomass fuel for cooking increased PM 2.5 concentrations and that the use of cleaner fuels like natural gas and electricity did less harm to human health …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The exposure concentration exposure concentration when LPG and electric stoves were used was 91 μg/m 3 , but when biomass fuel was used, it was 119 μg/ m 3 . Other studies [17][18][19]25,47 have also found that using biomass fuel for cooking increased PM 2.5 concentrations and that the use of cleaner fuels like natural gas and electricity did less harm to human health. 55 Figure 5 shows the rural PM 2.5 exposure levels of smokers, passive smokers, and people who were not exposed to tobacco smoke (also listed in Table S3).…”

Section: Daily Average Personal Pm 25 Exposure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This especially affects women, who do the majority of cooking in most households . A growing body of evidence suggests that high daily average PM 2.5 concentrations in homes using household solid fuel, reaching up to about 2000 μg/m 3 in the kitchen, are determined by the properties of the fuel used, stove type used, cooking style, house ventilation, geographical area, and season . Other activities may also lead to greater PM 2.5 exposure and ill health effects for rural people, for example, smoking .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] A growing body of evidence suggests that high daily average PM 2.5 concentrations in homes using household solid fuel, reaching up to about 2000 μg/m 3 in the kitchen, 11,19 are determined by the properties of the fuel used, stove type used, cooking style, house ventilation, geographical area, and season. 11,16,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Other activities may also lead to greater PM 2.5 exposure and ill health effects for rural people, 33,34 for example, smoking. 26,35,36 In addition, ambient air quality is also affected by the emission of gaseous precursors of secondary particles from household solid fuel use.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Personal exposure to PM _2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Aunan

Zhao

et al. 2019

Indoor Air

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High levels of PM2.5 exposure and associated health risks are of great concern in rural China. For this study, we used portable PM2.5 monitors for monitoring concentrations online, recorded personal time‐activity patterns, and analyzed the contribution from different microenvironments in rural areas of the Yangtze River Delta, China. The daily exposure levels of rural participants were 66 μg/m3 (SD 40) in winter and 65 μg/m3 (SD 16) in summer. Indoor exposure levels were usually higher than outdoor levels. The exposure levels during cooking in rural kitchens were 140 μg/m3 (SD 116) in winter and 121 μg/m3 (SD 70) in summer, the highest in all microenvironments. Winter and summer values were 252 μg/m3 (SD 103) and 204 μg/m3 (SD 105), respectively, for rural people using biomass for fuel, much higher than those for rural people using LPG and electricity. By combining PM2.5concentrations and time spent in different microenvironments, we found that 92% (winter) and 85% (summer) of personal exposure to PM2.5in rural areas was attributable to indoor microenvironments, of which kitchens accounted for 24% and 27%, respectively. Consequently, more effective policies and measures are needed to replace biomass fuel with LPG or electricity, which would benefit the health of the rural population in China.

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Household Air Pollution in Rural Area

Luo

Shen

2022

Handbook of Indoor Air Quality

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Wintertime pollution level, size distribution and personal daily exposure to particulate matters in the northern and southern rural Chinese homes and variation in different household fuels

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization and exposure assessment of household fine particulate matter pollution in China

Characterization and exposure assessment of household fine particulate matter pollution in China

Personal exposure to PM _2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Household Air Pollution in Rural Area

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Wintertime pollution level, size distribution and personal daily exposure to particulate matters in the northern and southern rural Chinese homes and variation in different household fuels

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization and exposure assessment of household fine particulate matter pollution in China

Characterization and exposure assessment of household fine particulate matter pollution in China

Personal exposure to PM 2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Household Air Pollution in Rural Area

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Product

Resources

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Personal exposure to PM _2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta