Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) – A New Advance in Manufacturing

Knezović, Nikola; Topić, Angela

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90893-9_7

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, Wu et al (2018) applied an inter-pass cooling process to fabricate Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures by using GTAW. The typical disadvantages of using welding arc as the heat source in additive manufacturing have been identified as local metallurgical changes, shape distortion, and residual stress concentration (Knezović and Topić, 2018). Many innovative solutions are reported in the literature to deal with these issues.…”

Section: Related Work and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repairing surface defects of metal parts by groove machining and wire + arc based filling

Han

Horváth

et al. 2019

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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An approach to repairing surface defects of metal parts is proposed, which includes a combined application of (i) groove machining, (ii) wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), and (iii) finishing machining. The completed analysis revealed that (i) the inclination angle of the groove to be machined is strongly influenced by the manufacturing parameters of the WAAM process, and (ii) the WAAM process models designed for fabricating parts on a flat substrate are not appropriate for filling grooves. To overcome these issues, this research investigated the range of variation of the proper inclination angle of the groove. A mathematical model was developed to determine the manufacturing parameters of WAAM that result in a proper filling of the groove. The effectiveness of the proposed fundamentals was investigated in a case study. The experimental results showed that using the proposed approach and the chosen manufacturing parameters resulted in a complete filling of the machined groove. The fabrication error of the main part of the repaired region before the finishing machining was less than 0.3 mm, while the 'buy-to-fly' ratio of the deposited material was 92.1%. The proposed approach for morphological repair lends itself to a computer-aided automatic part repair process.

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Section: Related Work and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repairing surface defects of metal parts by groove machining and wire + arc based filling

Han

Horváth

et al. 2019

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…In den nachfolgenden Erläuterungen wird das WAAM‐Verfahren genutzt. Dies ist ein lichtbogenbasierter Prozess, bei dem als Zusatzwerkstoff ein Draht zum Einsatz kommt [2–4]. Zur Fertigung mittels WAAM wird das MSG‐Schweißen (Metall‐Schutzgasschweißen) verwendet.…”

Section: Allgemeinesunclassified

Herstellung von 3D‐gedruckten Stahlknoten

et al. 2020

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Stahlbauknoten sind Verbindungselemente in Bauwerken. Sie haben die Aufgabe, verschiedene Bauteile wie Träger und Stützen in einem Bauwerk miteinander zu verbinden. In der konventionellen Fertigung werden diese Anschlusselemente vor allem durch sehr einfach zu fertigende und montierende Geometrien realisiert. Hierfür wird das Material häufig unwirtschaftlich eingesetzt. Dies gilt sowohl für Standardanschlüsse als auch für individuelle Knotenausführungen. Konstruktionen, welche über eher einfache Knoten verfügen, sind bspw. Industriehallen. Eine Konstruktion, welche ausschließlich aus Individualknoten besteht, ist die Gitterschale.

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“…The manufacturing process of the mold is very cumbersome and time-consuming, so once the mold has failed to continue the fabrication process, repairing it is the best solution. In this case, repairing faulty molds, prolonging their life, reducing production costs, and saving materials have become urgent problems for the entire mold industry [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OICP: An Online Fast Registration Algorithm Based on Rigid Translation Applied to Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mold Repair

Ding

et al. 2021

Materials

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As promising technology with low requirements and high depositing efficiency, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) can significantly reduce the repair cost and improve the formation quality of molds. To further improve the accuracy of WAAM in repairing molds, the point cloud model that expresses the spatial distribution and surface characteristics of the mold is proposed. Since the mold has a large size, it is necessary to be scanned multiple times, resulting in multiple point cloud models. The point cloud registration, such as the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, then plays the role of merging multiple point cloud models to reconstruct a complete data model. However, using the ICP algorithm to merge large point clouds with a low-overlap area is inefficient, time-consuming, and unsatisfactory. Therefore, this paper provides the improved Offset Iterative Closest Point (OICP) algorithm, which is an online fast registration algorithm suitable for intelligent WAAM mold repair technology. The practicality and reliability of the algorithm are illustrated by the comparison results with the standard ICP algorithm and the three-coordinate measuring instrument in the Experimental Setup Section. The results are that the OICP algorithm is feasible for registrations with low overlap rates. For an overlap rate lower than 60% in our experiments, the traditional ICP algorithm failed, while the Root Mean Square (RMS) error reached 0.1 mm, and the rotation error was within 0.5 degrees, indicating the improvement of the proposed OICP algorithm.

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Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) – A New Advance in Manufacturing

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Repairing surface defects of metal parts by groove machining and wire + arc based filling

Repairing surface defects of metal parts by groove machining and wire + arc based filling

Herstellung von 3D‐gedruckten Stahlknoten

OICP: An Online Fast Registration Algorithm Based on Rigid Translation Applied to Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mold Repair

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