Wireless device identification in MIMO channels

Abstract

A data-aided iterative algorithm to estimate the nonlinearities of wireless emitters for Specific emitter Identification (SEI) is presented. To achieve robust estimation, Inter Symbol Interference (lSI) is removed by iteratively estimating the channel coefficients and nonlinear transmit symbols to achieve asymptotically unbiased estimation. The complexity of the iteration procedure is further reduced by increasing the step size of the iteration result. The algorithm is applicable to various communication systems where multiple amplitude level schemes are used such as QAM, OFDM, and PAM in MultipleInput Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels. Numerical results are shown which achieve nonlinearity estimation and radio emitter identification over empirical channel models using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) MIMO system.

Behavior Modeling and Individual Recognition of Sonar Transmitter for Secure Communication in UASNs

“…In 2011, Ming-Wei Liu et al analyzed the nonlinearity of a kind of circuit in front-end nonlinearity device of communication equipment. Because the nonlinearity of the circuit leads to spectrum regeneration, distortion of communication signal waveform and widening of signal spectrum [12]- [14]. These phenomena are related to the individual differences of hardware, which makes it possible to identify individual emitters.…”

Multiple-Antenna Emitters Identification Based on a Memoryless Power Amplifier Model

“…As mentioned above, it has been reported in [19,20] that the nonlinear coefficients of PAs can be estimated with two stages. The first stage establishes the initial estimation of channel coefficients and nonlinear coefficients through some well-designed training sequences sorted by amplitude.…”

“…However, these methods have little knowledge of impairments inside the individual emitter, and the performance can be easily affected by the wireless channels. Hence, there are many additional works in literature to model the characteristic of hardware imperfection of the internal component such as digital to analog converter (DAC) [15], modulator [16,17], and power amplifier (PA) [18][19][20][21], etc., and to extract the unique RF front-end feature for a particular emitter. This paper concentrates on the extraction of PA nonlinear features to identify communication emitters with multiple antennas under Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) multipath channels.…”

“…Recently, in [25,26], an estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT)-based approach, which takes advantage of the multiple antennas at the receiver to separate the RFF from wireless channel, is proposed for RFF estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, whereas it is only suitable for a Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) system rather than the MIMO one. In [19,20], a memoryless polynomial model is used to characterize the nonlinearity of PA, and a data-aided iterative algorithm is proposed to estimate nonlinear coefficients of the PA model for SEI from the observations in both MIMO and single-input single-output (SISO) scenarios.…”

“…Treating the fact that all PAs of a multiple-antenna emitter are independent from each other and following a memoryless polynomial model, in this paper, we propose two data-aided solutions that are different from the idea of [19,20] in the MIMO multipath scenario. Given received signals, we extend the method in [27] to the MIMO multipath scenario; a closed-form solution of the nonlinear coefficients is thus obtained by combining the linear least square (LLS) and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods.…”