Wireless Energy Efficiency Evaluation for Buildings Under Design Based on Analysis of Interference Gain

Abstract

In this paper, we present part of our ground-breaking work that bridges building design and wireless network deployment. The original contributions lie in: i) defining interference gain (IG) as an intrinsic figure of merit (FoM) of a building's wireless performance in terms of interference signal blockage; ii) developing analytic models to calculate IG; and iii) developing a novel method to calculate the optimum transmitting power to achieve the maximum IG of a building. The IG is derived as an integral transform of the probability density function (PDF) of the distance from a probe user equipment (UE) with a random position relative to a wall, and with a uniformly distributed direction. Furthermore, the PDF of the random distance is derived in closed-form for rectangular rooms to facilitate fast computation of the IG of a building under design (BUD) tiled by rectangular rooms and corridors. For BUD with irregular rooms, a random shooting algorithm (RSA) is proposed to numerically compute the PDF. The closed-form expression and the RSA are compared and validated. Numerical results show the validity of both the model to calculate IG and the methodology to derive the optimum transmitting power to achieve the maximum IG of a given building. The results shed light to architects on how to design buildings with desirable wireless performance and for radio engineers on how densely wireless access points can be deployed to approach the intrinsic wireless performance of a building.

On the Performance of Indoor Multi-Story Small-Cell Networks

“…Combining ( 34), ( 35), ( 36), (37), we can obtain (38), where (a), (b) can be computed using the sum of a geometric series, I m,k , F m , F m,k are defined in ( 4), ( 6), (7), which concludes our proof.…”

“…efficiency (SE) and area spectral efficiency (ASE) where the user equipment (UE) association and inter-cell interference are considered. We analyze the effects of the storey height and the penetration loss of the ceiling on the coverage probability and SE, and provide useful guidelines for the indoor smallcell deployment and the design of a new building from the perspective of wireless communications [37].…”

Empirical Formulas for Performance Prediction of Concrete Embedded Antenna

“…2 (a) and (b) show the variations of gain G and X in against the embedding depth and the dielectric constant. It is noted that the increase of d makes G decrease in a fluctuation, while the increasing r leads to the decline of G. Thus, the gain G can be formulated as a linear decreasing function superposed with a damping sinusoidal function as (1). The input reactance oscillates damply with the embedding depth, so it can be modeled by a sinusoidal function with attenuated amplitude as (2):…”

“…Ultra dense small cell deployment is regarded as the most promising way to meet the traffic demand, and deploying small cells densely in buildings is anticipated to improve throughput in the next generation of cellular communication [1]. However, deployment of small cells with a number of antennas or antenna arrays will occupy extra space which leads to negative effects on usage of the buildings.…”

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“…Notably, physical obstacles like walls would affect the indoor propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Therefore, indoor wireless performance should be one of the indispensable prerequisites when designing buildings [8], [9].…”