Wireless implantable optical probe for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation in flaps and organ grafts

Abstract

Continuous, real-time monitoring of perfusion after microsurgical free tissue transfer or solid organ allotransplantation procedures can facilitate early diagnosis of and intervention for anastomotic thrombosis. Current technologies including Doppler systems, cutaneous O2-sensing probes, and fluorine magnetic resonance imaging methods are limited by their intermittent measurements, requirements for skilled personnel, indirect interfaces, and/or their tethered connections. This paper reports a wireless, miniaturized, minimally invasive near-infrared spectroscopic system designed for uninterrupted monitoring of local-tissue oxygenation. A bioresorbable barbed structure anchors the probe stably at implantation sites for a time period matched to the clinical need, with the ability for facile removal afterward. The probe connects to a skin-interfaced electronic module for wireless access to essential physiological parameters, including local tissue oxygenation, pulse oxygenation, and heart rate. In vitro tests and in vivo studies in porcine flap and kidney models demonstrate the ability of the system to continuously measure oxygenation with high accuracy and sensitivity.

Recent Advances and Design Strategies Towards Wearable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

“…Similarly, Guo et al [64] designed a wireless, miniaturized, minimally invasive NIRS probe to continuously monitor StO2 and SpO2 in flaps and organ grafts with a bioresorbable barbed structure. Two μ-LEDs and two μ-PDs enable the SRS This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology.…”

Emerging Optoelectronic Devices Based on Microscale LEDs and Their Use as Implantable Biomedical Applications

“…Bio-optoelectronics are ground-breaking technologies that not only address the fundamental mismatch between the properties of biomedical systems (soft, curvilinear, and transient) [ 23 ] and those of modern semiconductor devices [ 24 ] (rigid, planar, and everlasting), but also demonstrate exceptional capabilities in energy conversion [ 25 , 26 ], function display [ 27 , 28 ], wireless sensing [ 4 , 29 , 30 ], stimulation [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], and other areas [ 34 , 35 ]. Thin-film semiconductor devices, such as microscale thin-film LEDs and photodiodes, are typically removed from growing substrates and transferred to other substrates employing epitaxial lift-off and heterogeneous integration processes [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the In Vivo Monitoring of Biodegradable Implants in Rats

“…Monitoring tissue oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) can be used to measure peripheral hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia [ 25 , 26 ]. Assessing StO 2 in the implantation site is a relatively new approach to evaluating tissue healing [ 27 , 28 ]. The proposed study uses a novel optical probe with wavelengths from 650 nm to 1050 nm that probes into the specific region of interest at the implant tissue interface non-invasively.…”