Wireless power transfer based on novel physical concepts

Song, Mingzhao; Jayathurathnage, Prasad; Zanganeh, Esmaeel; Krasikova, Mariia; Smirnov, Pavel A.; Belov, Pavel A.; Kapitanova, Polina; Simovski, Constantin; Tretyakov, Sergei; Krasnok, Alex

doi:10.1038/s41928-021-00658-x

Cited by 120 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…RISs realized through industry-standard fabrication processes have greater potential for large-scale construction, which is required for future 6G smart cities. Moreover, emerging 2D van der Waals materials using surface-plasmon polaritons provide new approaches for dynamic tunning in the THz spectrum [115][116][117][118][119][120]. Graphene plasmons demonstrate lower loss than conventional metal-based plasmonic metasurfaces [121,122].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

2022

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The forthcoming sixth generation (6G) communication network is envisioned to provide ultra-fast data transmission and ubiquitous wireless connectivity. The terahertz (THz) spectrum, with higher frequency and wider bandwidth, offers great potential for 6G wireless technologies. However, the THz links suffers from high loss and line-of-sight connectivity. To overcome these challenges, a cost-effective method to dynamically optimize the transmission path using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is widely proposed. RIS is constructed by embedding active elements into passive metasurfaces, which is an artificially designed periodic structure. However, the active elements (e.g., PIN diodes) used for 5G RIS are impractical for 6G RIS due to the cutoff frequency limitation and higher loss at THz frequencies. As such, various tuning elements have been explored to fill this THz gap between radio waves and infrared light. The focus of this review is on THz RISs with the potential to assist 6G communication functionalities including pixel-level amplitude modulation and dynamic beam manipulation. By reviewing a wide range of tuning mechanisms, including electronic approaches (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, Schottky diodes, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), and graphene), optical approaches (photoactive semiconductor materials), phase-change materials (vanadium dioxide, chalcogenides, and liquid crystals), as well as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), this review summarizes recent developments in THz RISs in support of 6G communication links and discusses future research directions in this field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

2022

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“…The printability of the substrates is a key issue in designing flexible antennas; different conductive materials can be printed, commonly copper, but also other ink formulations 197 . Beyond these materials, new physical effects and materials are being investigated 198 , 199 to advance the field of wireless power transfer.…”

Section: Assembling Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-end design of wearable sensors

et al. 2022

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Wearable devices provide an alternative pathway to clinical diagnostics by exploiting various physical, chemical and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) information in real time (preferably, continuously) and in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner. These sensors can be worn in the form of glasses, jewellery, face masks, wristwatches, fitness bands, tattoo-like devices, bandages or other patches, and textiles. Wearables such as smartwatches have already proved their capability for the early detection and monitoring of the progression and treatment of various diseases, such as COVID-19 and Parkinson disease, through biophysical signals. Next-generation wearable sensors that enable the multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers in real time and continuously could be a transformative technology for diagnostics, allowing for high-resolution and time-resolved historical recording of the health status of an individual. In this Review, we examine the building blocks of such wearable sensors, including the substrate materials, sensing mechanisms, power modules and decision-making units, by reflecting on the recent developments in the materials, engineering and data science of these components. Finally, we synthesize current trends in the field to provide predictions for the future trajectory of wearable sensors.

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“…Far-field techniques can cover large areas (a few square meters), but due to omnidirectionality, their power transmission efficiency is low and subject to obstructive interference (especially from the human body). Mechanisms such as coherently enhanced WPT and exceptional point WPT, as well as metamaterials and metasurfaces for WPT may offer better solutions over traditional methods. Besides electromagnetic techniques, ultrasound is also a practical method, currently a mainstream technique used for implants, due to its low attenuation by biological tissues and high safety. − But because it is highly directional, small-area single-node applications are most suitable.…”

Section: Power Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

et al. 2023

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Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.

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Wireless power transfer based on novel physical concepts

Cited by 120 publications

References 143 publications

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

End-to-end design of wearable sensors

Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

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