Wireless user requirements for the factory workcell

Montgomery, Karl; Candell, Richard; Liu, Yongkang; Hany, Mohamed T.

doi:10.6028/nist.ams.300-8r1/upd

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, power consumption is crucial in PA applications. Furthermore, power system automation and power electronics control are vital demanding scenarios for modern industrial operations [ 44 ]. The former is concerned with the control of power distribution in the industrial environment, whereas the latter deals with the synchronized control of power electronics devices.…”

Section: Industrial Activity Categorization and Key Performance Indic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The KPIs and performance requirements of some major use cases of smart manufacturing under the ambit of Industry 4.0 excerpted from Refs. [ 2 , 20 , 44 ] and Ref. [ 48 ] are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Industrial Activity Categorization and Key Performance Indic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of wired networks and capital such as deployment of cables, networking hardware, and installation manpower is greatly reduced by wireless automation. Wireless requirements must be defined to realize the advantages of wireless communication systems inside such industries and to enable the deployment of wireless systems at the factory-floor level [ 44 ]. Therefore, to design intelligent antenna systems for next-generation wireless industrial applications, the knowledge of potential operating frequency bands is crucial.…”

Section: Industrial Wireless Standards Infrastructure and Potential S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging the Role of Dynamic Reconfigurable Antennas in Viewpoint of Industry 4.0 and Beyond

et al. 2023

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Industry 4.0 is a digital paradigm that refers to the integration of cutting-edge computing and digital technologies into global industries because of which the state of manufacturing, communication, and control of smart industries has changed altogether. Industry 4.0 has been profoundly influenced by some major disruptive technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart sensors, machine learning and artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data analytics, advanced robotics, augmented reality, 3D printing, and smart adaptive communication. In this review paper, we discuss physical layer-based solutions with a focus on high reliability and seamless connectivity for Industry 4.0 and beyond applications. First, we present a harmonized review of the industrial revolution journey, industrial communication infrastructure, key performance requirements, and potential sub-6-GHz frequency bands. Then, based on that, we present a comprehensive review of intelligent tunable dynamic antenna systems at sub-6 GHz as key enablers for next-generation smart industrial applications. State-of-the-art smart antenna techniques such as agile pattern reconfigurability using electrical components, machine learning- and artificial intelligence-based agile beam-scanning antennas, and beam-steerable dynamic metasurface antennas are thoroughly reviewed and emphasized. We unfolded the exciting prospects of reconfigurable dynamic antennas for intelligent and reliable connectivity in application scenarios of Industry 4.0 and beyond such as Industrial IoT and smart manufacturing.

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Section: Industrial Activity Categorization and Key Performance Indic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industrial Activity Categorization and Key Performance Indic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industrial Wireless Standards Infrastructure and Potential S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging the Role of Dynamic Reconfigurable Antennas in Viewpoint of Industry 4.0 and Beyond

et al. 2023

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“…The cycle starts with the master slot, in which the SPDUs are sequentially transmitted to the slaves, followed by the slots in which each slave transmits its own SPDU, for a total cycle duration of 2

. The watchdog timer was set to 10

for all the simulations [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Experimental Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Sensitive Networking to Improve the Performance of Distributed Functional Safety Systems Implemented over Wi-Fi

Morato,

Vitturi,

Tramarin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Industry 4.0 has significantly improved the industrial manufacturing scenario in recent years. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables the creation of globally interconnected smart factories, where constituent elements seamlessly exchange information. Industry 5.0 has further complemented these achievements, as it focuses on a human-centric approach where humans become part of this network of things, leading to a robust human–machine interaction. In this distributed, dynamic, and highly interconnected environment, functional safety is essential for adequately protecting people and machinery. The increasing availability of wireless networks makes it possible to implement distributed and flexible functional safety systems. However, such networks are known for introducing unwanted delays that can lead to safety performance degradation due to their inherent uncertainty. In this context, the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards present an attractive prospect for enhancing and ensuring acceptable behaviors. The research presented in this paper deals with the introduction of TSN to implement functional safety protocols for wireless networks. Among the available solutions, we selected Wi-Fi since it is a widespread network, often considered and deployed for industrial applications. The introduction of a reference functional safety protocol is detailed, along with an analysis of how TSN can enhance its behavior by evaluating relevant performance indexes. The evaluation pertains to a standard case study of an industrial warehouse, tested through practical simulations. The results demonstrate that TSN provides notable advantages, but it requires meticulous coordination with the Wi-Fi MAC layer protocol to guarantee improved performance.

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“…The scenario arrangement is presented in Figure 4. The experimental setup is designed to simulate a monitoring and alert system application with characteristics matching those specified for Class 4 Industrial Applications, as defined by the ISA [21], in which the traffic is upstream (from nodes to sink). To achieve the required latency and reliability, the slotframe length was set to 19, as a 10 ms timeslot provides a latency of nearly 100 ms per hop even when using minimal behaviour.…”

Section: Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

RT-Ranked: towards network resiliency by anticipating demand in TSCH/RPL communication environments.

Vieira¹,

Granjal

Curado

2023

Preprint

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Time-slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Media Access Control (MAC) was specified to target the Industrial Internet of Things needs. This MAC balances energy, bandwidth, and latency for deterministic communications in unreliable wireless environments. Building a TSCH schedule is arduous because the node negotiates cells with its neighbours based on queue occupancy, latency, and consumption metrics. The Minimal TSCH Configuration defined by RFC 8180 was specified for bootstrapping a 6TiSCH network and detailed configurations necessary to be supported. In particular, it adopts Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) Non-Storing mode, which reduces the node's network awareness. Dealing with unpredicted traffic far from the forwarding node is difficult due to limited network information. Anticipating this unexpected flow from multiple network regions is essential because it can turn the forwarding node into a network bottleneck leading to high latency, packet discard or disconnection rates, forcing RPL to change the topology. To cope with that, this work proposes a new mechanism that implements an RPL control message option for passing forward the node's cell demand, allowing the node to anticipate the proper cell allocation for supporting the traffic originating by nodes far from the forwarding point embedded in Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) Information Object (DIO) and Destination Advertisement Object (DAO) RPL control messages. Implementing this mechanism in a distributed TSCH Scheduling developed in Contiki-NG yielded promising results in supporting unforeseen traffic bursts and has the potential to significantly improve the performance and reliability of TSCH schedules in challenging network environments.

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Wireless user requirements for the factory workcell

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Leveraging the Role of Dynamic Reconfigurable Antennas in Viewpoint of Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Leveraging the Role of Dynamic Reconfigurable Antennas in Viewpoint of Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Time-Sensitive Networking to Improve the Performance of Distributed Functional Safety Systems Implemented over Wi-Fi

RT-Ranked: towards network resiliency by anticipating demand in TSCH/RPL communication environments.

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