Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Sicherheit von medizinischem Cannabis

Hoch, Eva; Schneider, Miriam; Keller, Rupert von; Bonnet, Udo; Falkai, Peter; Hasan, Alkomiet; Haüser, Winfried; Hinz, Burkhard; Jakob, Luise; Kabisch, Johannes; Kraus, Ludwig; Niemann, Dominik; Petzke, Frank; Pogarell, Oliver; Preuss, Ulrich W.; Radbruch, Lukas; Sarubin, Nina; Schacherbauer, Kathrin; Schäfer, Michael; Storr, Martin; Friemel, Chris Maria

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57291-7_4

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 197 publications

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“…Signaling proteins allow microglial cells to talk to astroglia. Two kinds of reactive astrocytes, A1 and A2, are separated from astroglia based on this interaction (72,73,74). The effect of A1 is negative (75), while A2 is neuroprotective (76).…”

Section: Microglia and Astrogliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Approaches of Ocular Disease and Its Herbal Product Treatment: An Updates

Butola¹,

Bisht²,

Kumar³

2023

J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol.

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One of the most common causes of permanent vision loss is glaucoma. Damage to the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, the root cause of visual field impairment, is typically the result of elevated intraocular pressure. Some patients' illness worsens even when treated with eye medications that reduce intraocular pressure. The pathophysiology of glaucoma is not only thought to involve mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, but also oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity. Therefore, natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities may offer a different strategy for treating glaucoma. This review summarizes the most up-to-date preclinical and clinical research on natural compounds that have been proven to contain neuroprotective characteristics for retinal ganglion cells and, consequently, may be useful in the treatment of glaucoma. Baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol, and hesperidin are all effective at lowering intraocular pressure. On the other hand, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis mechanisms are among those through which Ginkgo biloba, More research is needed to determine whether natural items can be used as a safe and effective treatment for glaucoma.

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Section: Microglia and Astrogliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Approaches of Ocular Disease and Its Herbal Product Treatment: An Updates

Butola¹,

Bisht²,

Kumar³

2023

J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol.

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Nabiximols in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

Dykukha

Maleßa

Essner³

et al. 2021

Pain Medicine

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Objective Pooled analysis of nabiximols and placebo in randomized controlled studies (RCTs) of chronic neuropathic pain. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify double-blind placebo-controlled RCTs of nabiximols for chronic neuropathic pain. The clinical endpoint of interest was change from baseline in mean pain score on 11-point numerical rating scales. Mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD, Hedges’ g) were calculated using fixed effect (FE) and random effects (RE) models. Strength of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). Results Nine RCTs with 1289 participants were included. Quality of evidence (GRADE) was moderate. One study had a high risk of bias (RoB 2) and five had some concerns. For the pooled endpoint of change from baseline in mean pain score, nabiximols was superior to placebo, with a MD of − 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.59 to − 0.21; FE, p < 0.0001) or − 0.44 (95% CI: −0.70 to − 0.19; RE, p = 0.0006). A SMD of − 0.21 (95% CI: −0.32 to − 0.10; FE) or − 0.26 (95% CI: −0.42 to − 0.10; RE) indicated an incremental benefit over background analgesia. Results in favor of nabiximols were maintained in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Nabiximols was superior to placebo for reduction of chronic neuropathic pain, with a small effect size. Larger RCTs designed to assess the effect of nabiximols in neuropathic pain are required to reach more definitive conclusions.

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The Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, Illegal Drugs and Medicines

Atzendorf¹,

Rauschert²,

Seitz³

et al. 2019

Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

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ubstance use is associated with a multitude of health and social effects. The results of the Global Burden of Disease Study clearly demonstrate that alcohol and tobacco use are among the main risk factors worldwide for premature mortality and life years lost due to disease and disability (1, 2). In 2015, every third person in Western Europe reported at least one episode of heavy drinking (≥ 60 g ethanol) in the preceding 30 days, every fifth person smoked tobacco daily, and 7% of respondents stated that they had consumed cannabis in the previous 12 months (3). Prevalence rates for the use of other illegal drugs such as amphetamines (0.6%), cocaine (1.1%), and opioids (0.4%) were much lower (3). The consumption of psychoactive substances is associated with an increased risk for substance disorders. The number of individuals with a substancerelated dependence per 100 000 people was estimated to be 881 for alcohol and 425 for cannabis in Western Europe in 2015. The number of deaths caused by substance use was reported to be 78 for tobacco, 19 for alcohol, and seven for illegal drugs per 100 000 people in the population (3). The Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey, ESA) yields population-representative data on the prevalence of legal and illegal substance use, hazardous forms of use, as well as substance-related disorders according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Projected prevalence estimates for various indicators of use make it possible to quantify the current burden caused by substance use and substance-related disorders. Methods Study design and sample The 2018 ESA study population is made up of Germanspeaking individuals aged between 18 and 64 years living in private households in Germany. The sample was drawn in a two-stage selection process. In a first step, 254 municipalities (sample points) were randomly selected. In a second step, addresses were drawn from the respective population registers using a systematic random selection. Data was collected by means of written and online questionnaires or telephone interviews (mixed-method design). The adjusted sample included 9267 individuals (response rate = 41.6%). See Summary Background: Prevalence estimates of the use of tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs, and psychoactive medications and of substance-related disorders enable an assessment of the effects of substance use on health and society. Methods: The data used for this study were derived from the 2018 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey, ESA). The sample of the German adult population comprised 9267 persons aged 18 to 64 (response rate, 42%). Population estimates were obtained by extrapolation to a total resident population of 51 544 494 people. Results: In the 30 days prior to the survey, 71.6% of the respondents (corresponding to 36.9 million persons in the population) had consumed alcohol, and 28.0% (14.4 million) had consumed tobacco. 4.0% reported having used e-cigarettes, and ...

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Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Sicherheit von medizinischem Cannabis

Cited by 3 publications

References 197 publications

Recent Approaches of Ocular Disease and Its Herbal Product Treatment: An Updates

Recent Approaches of Ocular Disease and Its Herbal Product Treatment: An Updates

Nabiximols in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

The Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, Illegal Drugs and Medicines

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