“…Research, however, clearly shows strong associations between local public health spending and health, well-being, and mortality outcomes. 17,22,43,45,[55][56][57] Studies have shown improvements to life expectancy following public health involvement, such as several studies identifying improved outcomes to the public's health from E321 minimal investment, while others found reductions to mortality from local investment. 32,[58][59][60] These observations considered, the authors did not find clear evidence of official action taken toward this recommendation.…”