Withdrawal Attitudes and Experiences: A Qualitative Perspective Among Young Urban Adults

Whittaker, Paul; Merkh, Rebecca D.; Henry‐Moss, Dare; Hock‐Long, Linda

doi:10.1363/4210210

Cited by 37 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a study entitled the reasons of women using withdrawal methods instead of medical showed that factors such as free procedure, no need for a physician's order and low side effects, no health concerns, lack of trust to other methods and comfortable using of withdrawal method were the reasons for choosing this method (11). Whittaker et al on their study entitled experiences of withdrawal method, expressed convenience of withdrawal method and lack of satisfaction with the other methods as the most important reasons in the choice of withdrawal method (12). These findings differ somewhat from our results that may be due to difference in beliefs and customs of the region.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Reasons for Choosing the Traditional Method (Withdrawal) as Contraception among Women in Tabriz/Iran

Azari¹,

Shahnazi²,

Farshbaf‐Khalili³

et al. 2014

IJWHR

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Objectives: Approximately 48% of all pregnancies in the US are unintentional, unplanned, or mistimed and most unplanned pregnancies result from non-continuous, incorrect use or not using a contraceptive method. Choice of a method should be based on the effectiveness and protection provide against unwanted pregnancy. Aim of this study was determining reasons for choosing the traditional method (withdrawal) as contraception. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants in this study consisted of 387 married women who used withdrawal method. Samples were selected randomly. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Chi square, independent-samples t-test , Pearson test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis through SPSS 18. Results: Findings indicated that 121 (31.3%) women chose this method because they were sure that, it has same influences as other contraceptive methods, 114 (29.5%) ones chose it due to fearing of infertility by other contraceptive methods and 64 (16.5%) women said that their husbands are reluctant to use other methods. Conclusion:The results showed that the wrong believes or lack of information cause women to choose this unsafe method. So providing women with necessary information in this field by health care providers can be most effective way for replacing effective methods and preventing unwanted pregnancy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Reasons for Choosing the Traditional Method (Withdrawal) as Contraception among Women in Tabriz/Iran

Azari¹,

Shahnazi²,

Farshbaf‐Khalili³

et al. 2014

IJWHR

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show abstract

“…188 Adolescents' reasons for using withdrawal include dissatisfaction with hormonal methods, and as a secondary or backup method to condoms or hormonal contraception. 222 Relationship development and the establishment of trust also were cited as reasons for use of withdrawal. 222 The typical-use failure rate of withdrawal across all age groups is 22% 43 ; however, unlike condoms, it provides no STI protection.…”

Section: Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…222 Relationship development and the establishment of trust also were cited as reasons for use of withdrawal. 222 The typical-use failure rate of withdrawal across all age groups is 22% 43 ; however, unlike condoms, it provides no STI protection. Because of the common use of withdrawal, pediatricians should remember to ask about it; because of the limited effectiveness 43 and lack of STI protection afforded by withdrawal, pediatricians should encourage adolescents to adopt more effective hormonal and/or barrier methods.…”

Section: Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraception for Adolescents

Ott

Sucato²

2014

Pediatrics

245

133

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A working knowledge of contraception will assist the pediatrician in both sexual health promotion as well as treatment of common adolescent gynecologic problems. Best practices in adolescent anticipatory guidance and screening include a sexual health history, screening for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, counseling, and if indicated, providing access to contraceptives. Pediatricians’ long-term relationships with adolescents and families allow them to help promote healthy sexual decision-making, including abstinence and contraceptive use. Additionally, medical indications for contraception, such as acne, dysmenorrhea, and heavy menstrual bleeding, are frequently uncovered during adolescent visits. This technical report provides an evidence base for the accompanying policy statement and addresses key aspects of adolescent contraceptive use, including the following: (1) sexual history taking, confidentiality, and counseling; (2) adolescent data on the use and side effects of newer contraceptive methods; (3) new data on older contraceptive methods; and (4) evidence supporting the use of contraceptives in adolescent patients with complex medical conditions.

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“…Withdrawal requires men have somewhat precise control over and anticipation of ejaculation, as well as the wherewithal to remove the penis prior to sexual climax (Hatcher, 2011;Rogow & Horowitz, 1995). Further, there is a lack of information on withdrawal from reliable sources such as healthcare providers, leaving people to learn about the method from social network members or the media (Whittaker, Merkh, Henry-Moss, & Hock-Long, 2010). This lack of information may also contribute to the underreporting of withdrawal use in surveys of contraceptive use, as individuals may view it as a "practice" rather than a "method" and not report on its use, even when withdrawal is listed in an inventory of contraceptive methods (Jones, Fennell, Higgins, & Blanchard, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women often cite adverse side effects of hormonal methods and dislike of condoms (Horner et al, 2009;Reed, England, Littlejohn, Bass, & Caudillo, 2014;Whittaker et al, 2010), as well as convenience when condoms are not available or sexual encounters are unexpected, and diminished sexual pleasure while using condoms (Daley, 2014;Fennell, 2014;Higgins et al, 2014;Jones et al, 2009;Whittaker et al, 2010). Previous research has also highlighted the important influence of relationship context on the decision to use withdrawal (Brown et al, 2011;Whittaker et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Is That A Method of Birth Control?” A Qualitative Exploration of Young Women’s Use of Withdrawal

Arteaga

Gómez

2015

The Journal of Sex Research

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Despite its ubiquity, withdrawal is understudied as a family planning method. We investigated the context of and decision-making around withdrawal use, drawing on in-depth, qualitative interviews with 38 Black and Latina women (ages 18-24). We examined contraceptive use histories to understand when and why participants used withdrawal. The majority of participants (n = 29; 76%) had used withdrawal in their lifetimes, though two-thirds of users mentioned withdrawal in their contraceptive histories only after interviewer prompts.Withdrawal was primarily used during transitions between contraceptive methods and when other methods were not desired. Relationship context was also an important factor, as many used withdrawal to increase intimacy with their partners; because they felt condoms were no longer necessary due to monogamy; or to fulfill their partners' preferences to increase sexual pleasure.Our findings indicate that decision-making around withdrawal is embedded in situational and relational contexts. Future research should explore how healthcare providers and sex educators can engage young women in discussions of withdrawal's benefits and constraints. A harm reduction framework, which recognizes that optimal use of withdrawal is preferable to not using a pregnancy prevention method at all, may inform the ways that withdrawal can be addressed in clinical and educational settings.

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Withdrawal Attitudes and Experiences: A Qualitative Perspective Among Young Urban Adults

Abstract: Health care provider discussions with patients about withdrawal could give greater insight into risk behaviors. More informed prevention counseling messages would be helped by better effectiveness estimates and understanding of factors most likely to result in withdrawal failure.

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Reasons for Choosing the Traditional Method (Withdrawal) as Contraception among Women in Tabriz/Iran

Reasons for Choosing the Traditional Method (Withdrawal) as Contraception among Women in Tabriz/Iran

Contraception for Adolescents

“Is That A Method of Birth Control?” A Qualitative Exploration of Young Women’s Use of Withdrawal

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