Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) as a Sexual Risk Reduction Strategy: Perspectives from African-American Adolescents

Horner, Jennifer R.; Salazar, Laura F.; Römer, Daniel; Vanable, Peter A.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Carey, Michael P.; Valois, Robert F.; Stanton, Bonita; Brown, Larry K.

doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9304-y

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Akin to non-homeless adolescents, this study found that homeless youth with anti-pregnancy attitudes were more likely to use effective contraception 23,32 and withdrawal, 45 implying that youth who do not want to become pregnant are utilizing contraception with a range of effectiveness to minimize the likelihood of conception. However, homeless youth in this sample report a much lower rate of using highly effective contraceptive methods, and a greater rate of using condoms, withdrawal, or no method, in comparison to previous research with non-homeless adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Pregnancy Attitudes, Contraceptive Service Utilization, and Other Factors Associated with Los Angeles Homeless Youths’ Use of Effective Contraception and Withdrawal

Winetrobe

Rhoades

Barman‐Adhikari

et al. 2013

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

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Study Objective This study aims to understand the associations of contraceptive service utilization (i.e., accessing condoms or birth control), pregnancy attitudes, and lifetime pregnancy history among male and female homeless youth in relation to use of effective contraception and withdrawal. Design, Setting, and Participants Between October 2011 and February 2012, homeless youth (14–27 years old) from two drop-in centers in Los Angeles (N=380) were recruited and completed a questionnaire. The data in this paper are restricted to those who reported vaginal sex at last sex (N=283). Main Outcome Measures Analyses examined history of foster care, sexual abuse, exchange sex, pregnancy, lifetime homelessness duration, current living situation, contraceptive service utilization, and pregnancy attitudes in predicting use of effective contraception and withdrawal at last sex. Results Over 62% of females and 43% of males report having ever been pregnant or impregnating someone. There are no gender-based differences in pregnancy attitudes; 21% agree they would like to become pregnant within the year. Additionally, there are no gender-based differences in reported contraceptive use at last vaginal sex. In the multivariable model, high school education, contraceptive service utilization (RRR: 4.0), and anti-pregnancy attitudes (RRR: 1.3) are significant positive predictors of using effective contraception; anti-pregnancy attitudes (RRR:1.2) and gender (RRR: 0.3) are significantly associated with using withdrawal. Conclusions Health professionals should acknowledge that some homeless youth desire pregnancy; for those that do not, access to effective contraception is important. Programs must continue to promote pregnancy prevention, and include discussions of healthy pregnancy habits for pregnancy-desiring youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Pregnancy Attitudes, Contraceptive Service Utilization, and Other Factors Associated with Los Angeles Homeless Youths’ Use of Effective Contraception and Withdrawal

Winetrobe

Rhoades

Barman‐Adhikari

et al. 2013

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

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“…Most women who were using highly effective methods reported that withdrawal was used at the same time, suggesting that many were “doubly protected” from the risk of pregnancy. It may also be possible that male partners were unaware of women’s use of hormonal contraception or were using withdrawal out of personal preference for their own reassurance [13;18]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pull and pray or extra protection? Contraceptive strategies involving withdrawal among US adult women

2014

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Objective Research assessing contraceptive use often focuses on most effective method used and suggests that very few women rely on withdrawal. We adopted a new measurement strategy in an attempt to measure contraceptive practices, and withdrawal in particular. Study Design We collected data from a national sample of 4,634 U.S. women aged 18–39; the survey was administered online in November and December 2012. We obtained information about recent use of hormonal methods and coital methods using two separate items, and we placed withdrawal first on the list of coital methods. The analysis examines several measures of withdrawal use in the last 30 days: most effective method used, any use, use with other methods and withdrawal “method mix.” Results Among women at risk of unintended pregnancy, 13% reported that withdrawal was the most effective method used in the last 30 days, but 33% had used withdrawal at least once. Most women who used withdrawal had also used a hormonal or long-acting method (13% of the sample) or condoms (11%) in the last 30 days, and a minority reported using only withdrawal (12%). Younger women, women in dating relationships and women strongly motivated to avoid pregnancy had some of the highest levels of “dual” use of withdrawal with condoms or highly effective methods. Conclusion Many women and couples in our sample used withdrawal in combination, or rotation, with condoms and highly effective methods. Findings suggest that some people who use withdrawal may be more versus less vigilant about pregnancy prevention.

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“…Furthermore, the withdrawal method is a long-term correct adjective method which is used regardless of the opportunity to access modern contraceptive methods. 18,19 It was indicated in many studies that the withdrawal method is still regarded as an effective family planning method and, even if it leads to unwanted pregnancies there is no change in the attitudes and behaviors of families towards the method. 20,21 While the withdrawal method is an ineffective method, it is frequently used due to several cultural and personal reasons while more effective methods have a low usage rate.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for couples to prefer withdrawal method in Turkey

Buldurucu¹,

Yazıcı²

2015

HSP

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This study was conducted in order to determine the reasons why men and women choose the withdrawal method, one of the traditional methods in preventing pregnancy. The study sample was composed of married women aged 15-49 years (150) and their partners. The study was applied in the Süleymaniye Obstetrics and Gynecology Training and Research Hospital. Data required for the research was collected during three month period of time via questionnaires on women and men, and was prepared in the light of recent literature on this subject. While analyzing the data, we used percentage, average and chi-squared testing. It was discovered that women's knowledge on family planning methods was significantly higher than men's (p<0.05). We found that there was a significant difference between men and women in terms of their reasons to choose withdrawal as a birth-control (p<0.05). The rate of the men who preferred withdrawal method (33.3%) was founded to be significantly higher than women (18%) (p<0.05). Although women were significantly more conscious about family planning than men, men were the ones to decide the method to use.Keywords: Midwifery, family planning methods, traditional methods, withdrawal method Özet Bu çalışma; eşlerinin geleneksel yöntemlerden biri olan geri çekme yöntemini gebeliğin önlenmesinde tercih etme nedenlerini saptamak amacı ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın örneklemini 15-49 yaş grubu, evli kadınlar (150) ve eşleri (150) oluşturturdu. Araştırma Süleymaniye Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın verileri literatür bilgisi doğrultusunda oluşturulan kadın ve eşine ilişkin anket formları aracılığı ile toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, yüzdelik, ortalama ve Ki-kare önemlilik testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık ise p<0.05 ile tanımlandı. Kadınların etkili aile planlaması yöntemlerini erkeklerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla bildiği bulundu (p<0.05). Geri çekme yöntemlerini tercih etme nedenleri açısından eşler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu saptandı (p<0.05).Geri çekme yöntemini kimin tercih ettiği sorulduğunda, erkeklerde "benim tercihim" diyenlerin oranı (%33.3) kadınlardan (%18) anlamlı olarak fazla bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak aile planlaması yöntemleri konusunda kadınların erkeklerden daha bilinçli olduğu ancak kararı erkeklerin verdiği söylenebilir.

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Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) as a Sexual Risk Reduction Strategy: Perspectives from African-American Adolescents

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Pregnancy Attitudes, Contraceptive Service Utilization, and Other Factors Associated with Los Angeles Homeless Youths’ Use of Effective Contraception and Withdrawal

Pregnancy Attitudes, Contraceptive Service Utilization, and Other Factors Associated with Los Angeles Homeless Youths’ Use of Effective Contraception and Withdrawal

Pull and pray or extra protection? Contraceptive strategies involving withdrawal among US adult women

Reasons for couples to prefer withdrawal method in Turkey

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