Withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of chronic clonidine treatment in rats

Dix, Robert K.; Johnson, Eugene M.

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(77)90101-7

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Naloxone also precipitated withdrawal signs in clonidine-treated mice, but no withdrawal signs were observed with yohimbine administration in morphine-treated mice. Previous studies reported withdrawal syndrome, characterized mainly by tachycardia and sympathetic hyperactivity, upon cessation of clonidine administration (Dix & Johnson 1977;Benowitz 2001), or after administration of an a 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist (Barrios et al 1993;Grubb et al 1998). Barrios et al (1993) reported that yohimbine precipitated withdrawal signs, such as jerks, head-shakes, defaecation, and weight loss in clonidinetreated mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lithium Inhibits the Development of Physical Dependence to Clonidine in Mice

Dehpour¹,

Sadr

Roohi-Azizi

et al. 2002

Pharmacology & Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on our previous finding that chronic lithium treatment reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-treated mice, the effect of chronic lithium treatment was evaluated on the development of dependence to clonidine. Dependence was induced by injection of either morphine (50, 50 and 75 mg/kg, intraperitoneally with 3 hr interval for 3 consecutive days), or clonidine (2 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally for 10 days). Naloxone (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) precipitated withdrawal signs in both morphine-and clonidine-treated mice. Yohimbine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) precipitated withdrawal signs in the clonidine-treated mice, similar to morphine withdrawal signs; but failed to precipitate any significant sign in the morphine-treated mice. Coadministration of lithium was carried out by adding lithium chloride to drinking water (600 mg/l for 20 days; 10 days before the beginning of clonidine administration and 17 days before the administration of morphine to allow the lithium concentration to reach steady-state). The results indicated that chronic lithium administration significantly attenuated the withdrawal signs, precipitated either by yohimbine or naloxone, in clonidine-treated mice. As a conclusion, clonidine withdrawal signs are very similar to opioid withdrawal signs, and lithium is able to prevent the development of physical dependence to clonidine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Abrupt discontinuation of clonidine, either after an acute administration or after a chronic treatment, has been reported to result in a withdrawal syndrome characterized by tachycardia, tremor, sweating, headache, and occasionally a rebound hypertension of critical magnitude (Dix & Johnson 1977;Duggan et al 1994;Benowitz 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Inhibits the Development of Physical Dependence to Clonidine in Mice

Dehpour¹,

Sadr

Roohi-Azizi

et al. 2002

Pharmacology & Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sugimoto, Hashida & Kasahara (1976), however, produced a blood pressure decrease which was sustained over 350 days. Likewise, Cavero et al (1977) and Dix & Johnson (1977) produced sustained falls in blood pressure, but with much shorter treatment periods.…”

Section: Effect Of Chronic Treatment With Clonidinementioning

confidence: 96%

“…To resolve this problem of rebound hypertension, various attempts have been made to reproduce it in laboratory animals. Again conflicting results have been obtained (Cavero, Fenard, Finch, Lefevre & Roach, 1977;Dix & Johnson, 1977;Finch, Hicks & Dean, 1978;Oates, Stoker, McCarthy, Monaghan & Stokes, 1978a;Oates, Stoker, Monaghan & Stokes, 1978b). This is not surprising when one considers that investigations on the primary effect of clonidine, to cause a sustained fall in blood pressure, have also produced conflicting results in laboratory animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chronic Clonidine Treatment and its Abrupt Cessation on Mean Blood Pressure of Rats with a Normal or An Elevated Blood Pressure

et al. 1979

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Clonidine (6 mg of base/l of water) was given as drinking fluid to normotensive rats or rats with established or early hypertension. 2. Spontaneous hypertensive rats (6 months old: average dose of clonidine, 0.6 mg 24 h-1 kg-1) showed a sustained fall in blood pressure over 3 weeks. 3. The same clonidine solution given for 6 weeks to two-kidney Goldblatt rats with early-stage hypertension (average dose of clonidine: 1 mg 24 h-1 kg-1) or spontaneously hypertensive rats (clonidine dose: 1 mg) induced a fall in mean blood pressure, but no change in normotensive rats. 4. Replacement of clonidine by water induced hypertension and lability which led to death in hypertensive but not in normotensive rats.

show abstract

“…In spite of the large number of reports showing that abrupt withdrawal of chronic antihypertensive therapy with clonidine in patients can lead to a rapid overshoot of blood pressure, the mechanism involved is poorly defined. This is largely due to the fact that different experimental protocols, designed in an attempt to produce rebound hypertension following clonidine withdrawal in animals, have produced conflicting results (Cavero et al, 1977;Dix & Johnson, 1977;Prop, 1978;Oates et al, 1978, Atkinson et al, 1979Salzmann, 1979;Di Stefano, Fox & Johnson, 1980). Oates and coworkers (1978) were able to produce rebound hypertension using the simplest of protocols: in normotensive rats anaesthetized with 5-sec-butyl-5-ethyl-2-thiobarbitone sodium M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Overshoot Under Pentobarbitone Anaesthesia Following a Single Dose of Clonidine in Rats*

Parker

Studer

Manganel

et al. 1982

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Withdrawal of chronic antihypertensive therapy with clonidine is known to produce a blood pressure overshoot. It has been reported that the same may occur after a single dose of clonidine. 2. A single, intramuscular dose of clonidine (0.05 mg/kg) produced an overshoot in blood pressure, on the day following administration, in normotensive rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. 3. No rebound elevation of mean arterial pressure or of heart rate occurred in conscious, normotensive, spontaneously hypertensive or renal hypertensive rats following this dose of clonidine, nor did it occur in rats anaesthetized with ether. 4. It is suggested that the overshoot phenomenon in rats under barbiturate anaesthesia may involve an interaction between an effect of clonidine and the barbiturate.

show abstract

Withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of chronic clonidine treatment in rats

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Lithium Inhibits the Development of Physical Dependence to Clonidine in Mice

Lithium Inhibits the Development of Physical Dependence to Clonidine in Mice

Effect of Chronic Clonidine Treatment and its Abrupt Cessation on Mean Blood Pressure of Rats with a Normal or An Elevated Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure Overshoot Under Pentobarbitone Anaesthesia Following a Single Dose of Clonidine in Rats*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About