WITHDRAWN: Examining and Investigating the Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Chronic Disease with Mortality of COVID-19: Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has burdened hospitals globally and there is currently no proven treatment available. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics (age and gender) and non-communicable diseases (hypertension and diabetes mellitus) have a significant association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a retrospective design where we used descriptive and inferential analysis have been employed to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression was done to study the connection between comorbidities and mortality of COVID-19. Results: 43 (86%) of the male patients were non-survivors while 7 (14%) of the female patients were survivors. The odds of non-survivors among hypertensive patients are 3.56 times higher than those who are not having a history of hypertension (HTN). The odds of non-survivors among diabetic patients are 5.17 times higher than those who are not having a history of diabetes (DM). The odds of non-survivors are 2.77 times higher among those who have a history of HTN and DM as compared to those who did not have a history of HTN and DM.Conclusions: Those patients that had a history of hypertension and diabetes had a higher probability of non-survival in contrast to those who did not have a history of diabetes and hypertension. Further studies are required to study the association of comorbidities with COVID-19 and mortality.

Examining the Clinical Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Nationwide Saudi Study

“…The COVID-19 patients with coexisting IHD had a 70% higher risk of death compared with the others. The increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 among older male patients could be explained because of the high rate of comorbidities (such as hypertension) in older males [ 13 , 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, the link between hypertension and COVID-19 severity is also linked to the use of ACE inhibitors as ACE2 serves a role in SARS infections [ 22 ].…”

“…Previous studies have shown that many countries around the world have been affected differently by the COVID-19 infection, ranging from a high incidence and high mortality rates in countries such as the United States, France and Spain to a low incidence and mortality rates in countries such as New Zealand [ 8 , 9 ]. These findings indicate the importance of investigating different populations around the world to gain a greater insight into the disease and to understand the impact of COVID-19 among different regions [ 8 ] as well as enabling us to be scientifically better equipped to handle similar future emergencies [ 12 , 13 ]. The present study aimed to conduct a nationwide multicenter study centered upon severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Saudi Arabia, assessing their clinical characteristics and prognosis.…”