Withdrawn: Optimal cap setting and pricing in supply chains under vertical-horizontal cooperation and cap-and-trade regulation

Abstract

The main body of competition has changed from the competition between enterprises to the competition between supply chains. The cooperation of the chain-to-chain attracts large attention from entrepreneurs and scholars in an increasingly competitive environment. Thus, this paper studies a chain-to-chain system with price competition consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer in each supply chain under carbon cap-and-trade regulation. Considering vertical-horizontal cooperation, the six different models are established by introducing the structural cooperation and the contractual cooperation (adopting the wholesale price contract) of supply chains. Based on the Stackelbeg game and Nash game, the optimal solutions of six models are obtained. The results show that the decisions, profits, and social welfare of the supply chains are affected by the structural cooperation than the contractual cooperation. The asymmetric competition structure changes the bargaining power of the supply chains. The relationship of supply chains' pricing only is affected by the cooperation structures. The relationship of the cap setting, profits, and social welfare are affected by the cooperation structures and the main decision parameters.

Research on Vertical Cooperation and Pricing Strategy of Electric Vehicle Supply Chain

“…The optimal carbon emission reduction, pricing and social welfare were studied under four scenarios, non-cooperative decision making, local cooperative decision making I, local cooperative decision making II and comprehensive cooperative decision making, in a context in which the government imposes carbon tax on carbon emitters and consumers have environmental awareness. Zhang et al [8] studied the cooperative carbon emission reduction in a three-level supply chain system composed of manufacturers, transporters and retailers under the total carbon control and trading policy and consumers environmental awareness, and used the Stackelberg game to explore the optimal decision made by supply chain members in four cooperative decision models. This study showed that the scenario involving the full cooperation of all supply chain members performed the best in terms of carbon emission reduction, market equilibrium quantity, and supply chain system profit.…”

Economic and environmental assessment of an unreliable supply chain management

“…They considered that the cost for the emission is used within the system. Li et al [17] investigated CAPT policy for vertical and horizontal cooperation. They found that asymmetric competition changes the bargaining power of an SCM.…”