WITHDRAWN: Psychological Distress in Urbanizing China: How Does Local Government Effectiveness Matter?

Abstract

PurposeThis study investigates how the effectiveness of local government affects residents’ levels of psychological distress in areas of China undergoing urbanization. We measure the effectiveness of local governments according to their success in promoting access to the social security system through distribution of social security cards among citizens. We hypothesize that higher local government effectiveness will reduce residents’ psychological distress by alleviating worries about medical expenses and elder care.MethodsDrawing on data from the 2018 Urbanization and Quality of Life Survey (N=3,229) conducted in 40 localities undergoing rural-urban transition, we estimate three-level mixed-effects regression models to test the research hypotheses, allowing random effects at the township/county and neighbourhood levels while controlling for a series of individual attributes.ResultsLocal government effectiveness is negatively associated with residents’ psychological distress: effective local governments alleviate worries about medical expenses and elder care, and thereby reduce psychological distress.ConclusionTo reduce residents’ worries and psychological distress during the process of rural–urban transition, it is essential to improve local government effectiveness, particularly in promoting residents’ access to the social security system.