WITHDRAWN: Review: Enhancement of composite anode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuels

Ng, Kei Hoa; Rahman, Hamidah Abdul; Somalu, Mahendra Rao

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.073

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…For the 100% H 2 composition, some formulations of the efficiency (Eqs. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] are not defined because the contribution given by the carbon-containing gases is non-existent, hence they lead to identical results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and (ii) the presence of metallic Ni as electro-catalyst material in the fuel electrode also serves as thermochemical catalyst for the aforementioned decomposition reactions. 22 In this way carbonaceous feedstocks are decomposed in different configurations (external and internal reforming), converting the NG and CO and enriching the fuel in hydrogen which actually reacts electro-chemically at the active layer of the fuel electrode. 23 The research project SO FREE (Solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power: Future-ready Energy-Grant Agreement 101006667) 24 tackles this challenge by developing two SOFC-CHP systems based on SOFC stack-modules from two different manufacturers, designed to be interchangeable.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported SOFC Short-Stack Operating with Different Fuel Blends as Stationary-CHP System

Marino,

Monforti Ferrario,

Santoni

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In the perspective of the transition of gas grids towards hydrogen/natural gas blends or even pure hydrogen, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells “SOFC” could play a crucial role as efficient and clean stationary Combined Heat and Power systems, flexibly operating on different feedstocks. A solid oxide fuel cell short stack is analyzed experimentally under different fuel gas compositions which emulate different gas grid transition scenarios. The testing campaign is defined with the aid of a preliminary system-level simulation which assesses system architecture and operating strategy (off-gas recirculation, external reforming, etc.). Experimental tests (polarization curves and performance/efficiency maps) are run in different operating conditions in terms of fuel utilization and temperature in three gas composition scenarios. To assess the efficiency of the SOFC unit under the different feedstock operation, different formulations of stack and system efficiencies are proposed and analyzed, based on the boundary conditions considered for the input/output energy streams. Experimental results were key to evaluate the different efficiency definitions proposed; albeit the highest voltage/power is obtained with the 100% H2 scenario, the efficiency may be higher with 100% NG and blend scenarios, due to the lower energy content of the input fuel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported SOFC Short-Stack Operating with Different Fuel Blends as Stationary-CHP System

Marino,

Monforti Ferrario,

Santoni

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…methane reforming and water gas shift reaction [11], etc.) and ii) the presence of metallic Ni as electro-catalyst material in the fuel electrode also serves as catalyst for the aforementioned thermal decomposition reactions in internal reforming configurations [12]. In this way carbonaceous feedstocks are decomposed in different configurations (external and internal reforming), enriching the fuel in hydrogen which actually reacts electro-chemically at the active layer of the fuel electrode [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Short-Stack Operating with Different Hydrogen-Natural Gas Blends as Stationary Combined Heat and Power System

Monforti Ferrario,

Santoni,

Marino

et al. 2023

ECS Trans.

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In the perspective of the transition of gas grids towards hydrogen/natural gas blends or even pure hydrogen, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells “SOFC” could play a crucial role as efficient and clean stationary Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems, flexibly operating on different feedstocks. A SOFC short stack is analyzed experimentally under different fuel gas compositions which emulate different gas grid transition scenarios. The testing campaign is defined with the aid of a preliminary system-level simulation which assesses system architecture and operating strategy (off-gas recirculation, external reforming, etc.). Experimental tests (polarization curves and performance/efficiency maps) are run in different operating conditions in terms of fuel utilization, current loading and temperature in three gas composition scenarios. Experimental results show that – albeit the highest voltage/power is obtained with the 100%H2 scenario – the efficiency may be higher with 100%NG and blend scenarios, due to the lower energy content of the input fuel.

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“…La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 is a paradigmatic p-type semiconducting oxide showing a decreased conductivity under reducing atmosphere of fuel than in air, while (La, Sr)TiO3 is an n-type semiconductor showing superior stability and conductivity if is fully reduced[21] at elevated temperatures [22] (above 750 o C under H2). However, an SOFC under the intense in-situ reduction at elevated temperature for anodes can possibly induce the reduction of the GDC electrolyte, causing the increase of electronic conduction and internal stress of the ceria-based electrolyte [23,24]. A perovskite-type oxide Sr0.2Na0.8Nb1-xVxO3 (x= 0.1-0.3) has been explored as low-temperature anode and a highconductivity (300 S cm -1 ) is achieved under mild reduction at 650 o C[25] as a result of the transition between V 4+ and V 3+ .…”

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An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

Liu

Xie

Irvine

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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The advantage of n-type semiconductor for an anode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) lies in its higher electronic conductivity in reducing atmosphere than in air. In this study, n-type FeNbO4-based oxides that can be reduced at temperatures below 700 o C for a conductivity above 1 S cm -1 are explored as anode materials for a ceria-based SOFC utilizing liquefied-petroleum-gas (LPG) fuel apart from pure H2. Fe0.8Nb1.2O4 with 20 at.% Fe deficiency was founded in the sample sintered at 1250 o C. The structure stability of FeNbO4 under reducing atmosphere can be improved by its solid solution with a lessreducible TiO2 that also stabilizes the high-temperature -PbO2 type structure with mixed Fe 3+ and Nb 5+ cation. In particular, a full cell employing Ti0.36(Fe0.985Nb1.015)0.84O4, a stable and electrically conductive (1 S cm -1 ) oxide in 5% H2, as anode shows a powder density of 180 mW cm -2 at 700 o C if 0.5 wt.% Pd is impregnated to increase the electrocatalysis and the electric loss is mostly from the electrolyte. The oxide anode showed a degradation (20% during the 5 to 26 hours aging) and the carbon deposition is slight after 5-hour operation under an LPG fuel.[1] and are not restrained by efficiency limitations applicable to heat engines (i.e. the Carnot cycle). The potential widespread use of SOFCs also depends on the availability of fuel[2]. Comparing to the low-temperature proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the advantage of an all-ceramic SOFC device could be the ability to use carbonaceous fuel, i.e. carbon monoxide, methane et al., other than pure H2 fuel[3-6]. The fuel versatility of an SOFC increases the fuel availability since the infrastructure for carbonaceous fuel is mature, which will facilitate the commercialization of this technique and reduce the additional cost on H2 storage and transport[2]. The conventional nickelbased anode catalyzing the oxidation of the H2 fuel on GDC electrolyte is Ni(O)-GDC cermet and a high performance (e.g. 2 W cm 2 at 550 o C)[7] has been achieved via the optimization of the cathode materials and the thinning of the electrolyte[8]. However, the carbon deposition or coking process of the Ni under a carbonaceous fuel would prohibit the long-term operation for continuous power supply[9] and thus novel oxide perovskites, such as (La, Sr)(Cr, Mn)O3, Sr2MoMO6 (M=Mg, Cr or Mn) and (La, Sr)TiO3, has been developed for the operation under hydrocarbon fuels[10-20].Generally, both nand p-type semiconducting oxides can be used as the anode materials in an SOFC. La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 is a paradigmatic p-type semiconducting oxide showing a decreased conductivity under reducing atmosphere of fuel than in air, while (La, Sr)TiO3 is an n-type semiconductor showing superior stability and conductivity if is fully reduced[21] at elevated temperatures [22] (above 750 o C under H2). However, an SOFC under the intense in-situ reduction at elevated temperature for anodes can possibly induce the reduction of the GDC electrolyte, causing the increase of electronic conduction and i...

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WITHDRAWN: Review: Enhancement of composite anode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuels

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported SOFC Short-Stack Operating with Different Fuel Blends as Stationary-CHP System

Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported SOFC Short-Stack Operating with Different Fuel Blends as Stationary-CHP System

Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Short-Stack Operating with Different Hydrogen-Natural Gas Blends as Stationary Combined Heat and Power System

An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

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