Within-day and between-day variability of transthoracic anatomic M-mode echocardiography in the awake bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Chetboul, Valérie; Lichtenberger, Jonathan; Mellin, Mathieu; Mercera, Birgitta; Hoffmann, A; Chaix, Gwendoline; Tréhiou-Sechi, Emilie; Misbach, Charlotte; Petit, A; Lefebvre, Henri; Gaide, Nicolas; Tissier, Renaud; Delfour, Fabienne

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.07.002

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast to the cardiac anatomy in humans, all of the SSLs in this study showed larger dimensions of the aorta with respect to the left atrium. This agrees with data reported for other aquatic mammals of a slightly dilated segment in the ascending aorta called the aortic bulb, which dampens changes in blood pressure during the bradycardia associated with diving (Chetboul et al, 2012;Kirkwood & Goldsworthy, 2013;Guimaraes et al, 2014). The average resting HR (75 ± 11.1 bpm) was similar to the value (73 ± 14 bpm) previously reported for this species, which was estimated from 300 wild SSLs resting on land (De León, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These are the first published values for left ventricular structure and function in SSLs and are comparable with other marine mammals such as dolphins (Sklansky et al, 2006;Chetboul et al, 2012;Miedler et al, 2015) and manatees (Gerlach et al, 2013(Gerlach et al, , 2015, and similar to those reported in some terrestrial mammals such as dairy cattle (Hallowell et al, 2007), sheep (Locatelli et al, 2011), gorillas (Murphy et al, 2011), grizzly bears (Nelson et al, 2003), and humans (Lang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although we focused on measurements of the left heart chambers and aorta, other cardiac structures were correctly identified as pulmonary artery, right ventricle, and interatrial septum but without obtaining reliable quantitative measurements. The use of a cardiac ultrasound to evaluate non-sedated aquatic mammals has been limited by some anatomophysiological conditions to obtain an optimal acoustic window such as lung interposition, large sternum, and respiratory pattern (Sklansky et al, 2006;Chetboul et al, 2012;Miedler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its use as a diagnostic tool requires knowledge of echocardiographic techniques and reference values for each species (Pereira & Pizzi, 2012). This information is not currently available for most marine mammals, the only exception at this time being trained bottlenose dolphins (Chetboul et al, 2012;Miedler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Healthy, Non-Sedated Southern Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens)

Castro¹,

Dassis²,

León³

et al. 2018

Aquat Mamm

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The goal of this study was to test transthoracic echocardiography as a method to characterize heart morphology and function in the southern sea lion (SSL) (Otaria flavescens) for health evaluation. Four clinically healthy captive SSLs (mean weight 110 ± 17.5 kg) were trained to be examined by transthoracic echocardiography at Mar del Plata Aquarium in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Two-dimensional guided M-mode images were obtained using a portable cardiovascular ultrasound system equipped with a 1.5 to 3.5 MHz convex 3S phased-array transducer. The mean left ventricular internal dimension at enddiastole was 73 ± 5.8 mm; the mean interventricular septum thickness and posterior wall thickness at end-diastole were 9 ± 1.1 mm and 8.9 ± 2 mm, respectively. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction were 44.6 ± 1.7% and 74.4 ± 1.7%, respectively. The left atrial diameter-to-aortic root index was 0.92 ± 0.03. The most suitable position for obtaining good quality images was the left lateral recumbency (with slight inclination to 45°), with the probe placed on the left side of the thorax, ventrally just near the sternum, at the level of the caudal portion of the left pectoral fin. The best acoustic window in relation to the breathing cycle occurred between the end of the expiration and the beginning of the next inspiration. We successfully demonstrated that the in vivo structure and function of the SSL heart can be safely and effectively evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography in captive trained animals. These data have clinical and research implications for evaluating diseases of the cardiopulmonary system in pinnipeds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Healthy, Non-Sedated Southern Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens)

Castro¹,

Dassis²,

León³

et al. 2018

Aquat Mamm

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“…In preceding works we were able to shed light on a strong association of Hif1a expression with survival in pancreatic cancer and soft tissue sarcomas [4], [5]. However, this association was not significant in the examined study group of patients with cholangiocarcinoma which is in concordance with discoveries from other groups examining Hif1a in CCC [18] who were also not able to show a correlation of Hif1a expression to survival.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

EGFR, FLT1 and Heparanase as Markers Identifying Patients at Risk of Short Survival in Cholangiocarcinoma

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma remains to be a tumor with very few treatment choices and limited prognosis. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic role of fms-related tyrosine kinase 1/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (FLT1/VEGFR1), heparanase (HPSE) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene expression in patients with resected CCC.Methods47 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded FFPE tumor samples from patients with resected CCC were analyzed. FFPE tissues were dissected using laser-captured microdissection and analyzed for FLT1, FLT4, HPSE, Hif1a, VEGFA/C, HB-EGF, PDGFA, PDGF-RA and EGFR mRNA expression using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method. Gene expression values (relative mRNA levels) are expressed as ratios between the target gene and internal reference genes (beta-actin, b2mg, rplp2, sdha).Results EGFR, FLT1 and HPSE expression levels were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). FLT1 showed the strongest significant independent association with overall survival in a multivariate cox regression analysis when compared to the other genes and clinicopathological factors with a nearly 5 times higher relative risk (4.74) of dying earlier when expressed in low levels (p = 0.04). ROC Curve Analysis revealed that measuring EGFR potentially identifies patients at risk of a worsened outcome with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 75% (p = 0.01).Conclusions EGFR and FLT1 seem to be potential markers to identify those patients at high risk of dying from cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore these markers may help to identify patient subgroups in need for a more aggressive approach in a disease that is in desperate need for new approaches.

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APPENDIX III: Quick References of Normal Values and Rules of Thumb

2021

Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner

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Within-day and between-day variability of transthoracic anatomic M-mode echocardiography in the awake bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Healthy, Non-Sedated Southern Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens)

Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Healthy, Non-Sedated Southern Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens)

EGFR, FLT1 and Heparanase as Markers Identifying Patients at Risk of Short Survival in Cholangiocarcinoma

APPENDIX III: Quick References of Normal Values and Rules of Thumb

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