Within-Host and Between-Host Evolution in SARS-CoV-2—New Variant’s Source

Moelling, Karin

doi:10.3390/v13050751

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We highlight that, broadly across phase space, match number distributions tend to increase in width as immunity decreases. This observation is consistent with previous clinical findings that immuno-compromised or -suppressed patients exhibit greater diversity of viral variants than those with stronger immune systems [13,31,32].…”

Section: Probability Distributionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Modeling the dynamics of within-host viral infection and evolution predicts quasispecies distributions and phase boundaries separating distinct classes of infections

Lewis

Marshall

Jones

2021

Preprint

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We use computational modeling to study within-host viral infection and evolution. In our model, viruses exhibit variable binding to cells, with better infection and replication countered by a stronger immune response and a high rate of mutation. By varying host conditions (permissivity to viral entry T and immune clearance intensity A) for large numbers of cells and viruses, we study the dynamics of how viral populations evolve from initial infection to steady state and obtain a phase diagram of the range of cell and viral responses. We find three distinct replicative strategies corresponding to three physiological classes of viral infections: acute, chronic, and opportunistic. We show similarities between our findings and the behavior of real viral infections such as common flu, hepatitis, and SARS-CoV-2019. The phases associated with the three strategies are separated by a phase transition of primarily first order, in addition to a crossover region. Our simulations also reveal a wide range of physical phenomena, including metastable states, periodicity, and glassy dynamics. Lastly, our results suggest that the resolution of acute viral disease in patients whose immunity cannot be boosted can only be achieved by significant inhibition of viral infection and replication.

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Section: Probability Distributionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Modeling the dynamics of within-host viral infection and evolution predicts quasispecies distributions and phase boundaries separating distinct classes of infections

Lewis

Marshall

Jones

2021

Preprint

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“…The B.1.617.2 initially identified in India in December 2020 that is responsible for the second COVID-19 wave in India rapidly spread to more than 163 countries. The Delta variant has 13 mutations of which two are in the RBD (E484Q and L452R) ( 110 ). The Delta virus is more contagious (40%−60%) than the B.1.1.7 variant and twice as transmissible as the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain ( 101 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Pathophysiology of Chemical Sense Disorder Caused by the Novel Coronavirus

Narayanan

Shivappa

Padiyath³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Emerging viral infections are a ceaseless challenge and remain a global public health concern. The world has not yet come back to normal from the devastating effects of the highly contagious and pathogenic novel coronavirus, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Olfactory and taste dysfunction is common in patients infected by the novel coronavirus. In light of the emergence of different coronavirus variants, it is important to update the prevalence and pathophysiology of these side effects. In this review, articles published on the prevalence of olfactory and taste dysfunction from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their possible pathophysiologic mechanisms have been reviewed and reported. The modulatory role of different SARS-CoV-2 variants on the chemical senses is then described. The clinical relevance of chemical sense disorder and its long-term morbidity and management is also discussed.

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“…In addition, patients with B-cell malignancies such as MM may serve as reservoirs for the generation of viral variants. 9 Optimizing protection of these patients may also therefore be critical for control of the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Neutralizing Antibody Response After SARS CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Myeloma

Nooka

Shanmugasundaram

Cheedarla

et al. 2022

JCO

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PURPOSE Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) play a critical role in protection from SARS CoV-2. Patients with B-cell malignancies including myeloma are at increased risk of COVID-19–related mortality and exhibit variable serologic response to the vaccine. The capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies in these patients to neutralize SARS CoV-2 or its variants is not known. METHODS Sera from 238 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing SARS CoV-2 vaccination were analyzed. Antibodies against the SARS CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and viral nucleocapsid were measured to detect serologic response to vaccine and environmental exposure to the virus. The capacity of antibodies to neutralize virus was quantified using pseudovirus neutralization assay and live virus neutralization against the initial SARS CoV-2 strain and the B1.617.2 (Delta) variant. RESULTS Vaccine-induced nAbs are detectable at much lower rates (54%) than estimated in previous seroconversion studies in MM, which did not monitor viral neutralization. In 33% of patients, vaccine-induced antispike RBD antibodies lack detectable neutralizing capacity, including against the B1.617.2 variant. Induction of nAbs is affected by race, disease, and treatment-related factors. Patients receiving mRNA1273 vaccine (Moderna) achieved significantly greater induction of nAbs compared with those receiving BNT162b2 (Pfizer; 67% v 48%, P = .006). CONCLUSION These data show that vaccine-induced antibodies in several patients with MM lack detectable virus-neutralizing activity. Vaccine-mediated induction of nAbs is affected by race, disease, vaccine, and treatment characteristics. These data have several implications for the emerging application of booster vaccines in immunocompromised hosts.

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Within-Host and Between-Host Evolution in SARS-CoV-2—New Variant’s Source

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling the dynamics of within-host viral infection and evolution predicts quasispecies distributions and phase boundaries separating distinct classes of infections

Modeling the dynamics of within-host viral infection and evolution predicts quasispecies distributions and phase boundaries separating distinct classes of infections

The Prevalence and Pathophysiology of Chemical Sense Disorder Caused by the Novel Coronavirus

Determinants of Neutralizing Antibody Response After SARS CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Myeloma

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