Within-Individual Changes in Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Educational Attainment

Schwartz, Joseph A.; Connolly, Eric J.; Alsolami, Abdulaziz

doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01663-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is also possible that earlier exposures to adversity and other environmental stressors have also provided buffered individuals with an opportunity to gather additional pertinent information regarding overcoming environmental challenges or more effective coping strategies. This possibility directly aligns with the lifespan wisdom model, which is a developmental perspective that emphasizes the importance of exploratory risk-taking in an effort to better develop adaptive decision-making strategies when faced with similar situations in the future (Khurana et al, 2018;Romer et al, 2017;Schwartz et al, 2022). In this way, the stress response system is primed to respond to environmental stressors more effectively due to prior knowledge surrounding expected patterns of response gathered from prior experiences surrounding stressful environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Adrenocortical Responses to Daily Stressors Are Calibrated by Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Adaptive Calibration Model

Schwartz,

Calvi,

Allen

et al. 2023

Evol Psychol

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Studies examining the impact of early adversity on physiological responsivity to environmental challenges in later life yield a complex pattern of findings and ambiguity regarding the direction of effect, with some studies reporting heightened responses and others reporting dampened responses. One potential reason for these mixed findings is an oversimplified theoretical model surrounding the connection between early life stressor exposure and subsequent stress responsivity. The adaptive calibration model offersa contemporary set of assumptions aimed at providing a better understanding of the ways that early life experiences shape the stress response system to better align with current and future environments. The current study utilized a large subsample from the National Study of Daily Experiences ( N = 1,605) to examine the extent to which the association between daily stressor exposure and cortisol levels varies across levels of early life adversity. Results revealed that those individuals who experienced extremely low levels of early life adversity displayed the greatest increase in cortisol levels across the day as daily stressor exposure increased. Alternatively, those individuals who experienced extremely high levels of early life adversity displayed almost no change in diurnal production of cortisol as daily stressor exposure increased. The results are discussed within the evolutionary-developmental context of the adaptive calibration model along with suggestions for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Adrenocortical Responses to Daily Stressors Are Calibrated by Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Adaptive Calibration Model

Schwartz,

Calvi,

Allen

et al. 2023

Evol Psychol

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“…On the other hand, studies showed that the later elementary school years (i.e., 8-11 years) are a transitional period for the development of impulse control (Chen et al, 2021). A more complex explanation may be that the UPPS reflects general impulsivity, which starts to decline already in early childhood (Schwartz, Connolly, & Alsolami, 2022) and therefore was implicated by mTBI before 3 years. The BIS/BAS Fun Seeking scale would reflect sensation seeking specifically, which still appears to increase in late childhood (Schwartz et al, 2022) and could be affected by the mTBI between 8 and 10 years.…”

Section: Effect Of Age-at-injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more complex explanation may be that the UPPS reflects general impulsivity, which starts to decline already in early childhood (Schwartz, Connolly, & Alsolami, 2022) and therefore was implicated by mTBI before 3 years. The BIS/BAS Fun Seeking scale would reflect sensation seeking specifically, which still appears to increase in late childhood (Schwartz et al, 2022) and could be affected by the mTBI between 8 and 10 years. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of taking age-at-injury into account as a complex, presumably non-linear influence.…”

Section: Effect Of Age-at-injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functioning, behavior, and white matter microstructure in the chronic phase after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study

Betz,

Cetin-Karayumak,

Bonke

et al. 2024

Psychol. Med.

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Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in children. Long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as underlying structural brain alterations following pediatric mTBI have yet to be determined. In addition, the effect of age-at-injury on long-term outcomes is largely unknown. Methods Children with a history of mTBI (n = 406; Mage = 10 years, SDage = 0.63 years) who participated in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were matched (1:2 ratio) with typically developing children (TDC; n = 812) and orthopedic injury (OI) controls (n = 812). Task-based executive functioning, parent-rated executive functioning and emotion-regulation, and self-reported impulsivity were assessed cross-sectionally. Regression models were used to examine the effect of mTBI on these domains. The effect of age-at-injury was assessed by comparing children with their first mTBI at either 0-3, 4-7, or 8-10 years to the respective matched TDC controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), both MRI-based measures of white matter microstructure, were compared between children with mTBI and controls. Results Children with a history of mTBI displayed higher parent-rated executive dysfunction, higher impulsivity, and poorer self-regulation compared to both control groups. At closer investigation, these differences to TDC were only present in one respective age-at-injury group. No alterations were found in task-based executive functioning or white matter microstructure. Conclusions Findings suggest that everyday executive function, impulsivity, and emotion-regulation are affected years after pediatric mTBI. Outcomes were specific to the age at which the injury occurred, suggesting that functioning is differently affected by pediatric mTBI during vulnerable periods. Groups did not differ in white matter microstructure.

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Changes in Restless Sleep, Self-Control, and Alcohol-Related Problems with Police from Late Adolescence to Adulthood

Royle,

Connolly

2024

J. Youth Adolescence

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Within-Individual Changes in Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Educational Attainment

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Adrenocortical Responses to Daily Stressors Are Calibrated by Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Adaptive Calibration Model

Adrenocortical Responses to Daily Stressors Are Calibrated by Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Adaptive Calibration Model

Executive functioning, behavior, and white matter microstructure in the chronic phase after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study

Changes in Restless Sleep, Self-Control, and Alcohol-Related Problems with Police from Late Adolescence to Adulthood

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