Witnesses in Action

Hope, Lorraine; Lewinski, William J.; Dixon, Justin; Blocksidge, David; Gabbert, Fiona

doi:10.1177/0956797611431463

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The H7 is paired through Bluetooth with the Polar V800 to record cardiovascular reactivity at one second intervals. Polar HR monitors are regularly used to measure HR in police research (Barton et al, 2000; Anderson et al, 2002; Meyerhoff et al, 2004; Hulse and Memon, 2006; Hope et al, 2012; Kayihan et al, 2013; Renden et al, 2015; Hope et al, 2016; Landman et al, 2016a) and the technology has been validated against electrocardiograms (ECG; Gamelin et al, 2006; Nunan et al, 2008, 2009; Weippert et al, 2010; Quintana et al, 2012; Wallén et al, 2012; Giles et al, 2016; Barbosa et al, 2016). The Polar V800 is equipped with an integrated GPS that tracks speed (kilometers per hours; km/h), pace (min/km), cadence (steps/min), distance (m), location (latitude and longitude), and route.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Activity Mapping: Physiological Responses During General Duty Police Encounters

et al. 2019

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Policing is a highly stressful and dangerous profession that involves a complex set of environmental, psychosocial, and health risks. The current study examined autonomic stress responses experienced by 64 police officers, during general duty calls for service (CFS) and interactions with the public. Advancing previous research, this study utilized GPS and detailed operational police records as objective evidence of specific activities throughout a CFS. These data were then used to map officers’ heart rate to both the phase of a call (e.g., dispatch, enroute) and incident factors (e.g., call priority, use-of-force). Furthermore, physical movement (i.e., location and inertia) was tracked and assisted in differentiating whether cardiovascular reactivity was due to physical or psychological stress. Officer characteristics, including years of service and training profiles, were examined to conduct a preliminary exploration of whether experience and relevant operational skills training impacted cardiovascular reactivity. Study results provide foundational evidence that CFS factors, specifically the phase of the call (i.e., arrival on scene, encountering a subject) and incident factors (i.e., call priority, weapons, arrest, use-of-force), influence physiological stress responses, which may be associated with short-term performance impairments and long-term health outcomes. Implications of research findings for operational policing, police training, and health research are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Activity Mapping: Physiological Responses During General Duty Police Encounters

et al. 2019

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“…According to the arousal-biased competition model (Mather and Sutherland, 2011), arousal enhances the priority of goal-relevant information over goal-irrelevant information (for an application to eyewitness memory, see Hope et al, 2012). This approach could explain the findings in the stress/low-arousal and no-stress/high-arousal groups if one can make a convincing case why peripheral details were perceived as more relevant than central details.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stressed eyewitness: the interaction of thematic arousal and post-event stress in memory for central and peripheral event information

Echterhoff¹,

Wolf²

2012

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Both arousal during the encoding of stimuli and subsequent stress can affect memory, often by increasing memory for important or central information. We explored whether event-based (thematic) arousal and post-event stress interact to selectively enhance eyewitnesses' memory for the central aspects of an observed incident. Specifically, we argue that memory for stimuli should be enhanced when (1) the stimuli are encoded under arousal (vs. non-arousal), and (2) stress is experienced soon after the encoding episode. We designed an experiment that extended previous research by manipulating arousal without changing the stimulus material, distinguishing between central and peripheral event information, and using a dynamic, life-like event instead of static pictures. After watching a video depicting a burglary under high or low thematic arousal, psychosocial stress was induced or not induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Salivary cortisol was measured at standard intervals. Consistent with our prediction, we found a significant post-event stress × thematic arousal × centrality interaction, indicating that the recognition advantage for central event items over peripheral event items was most pronounced under both high thematic arousal and post-event stress. Because stress was induced after encoding this interaction cannot be explained by possible differences at encoding, such as narrowed attention. The centrality effect of post-event stress under high thematic arousal was statistically mediated by the cortisol increase, which suggests a key role of the stress hormone. We discuss implications of our findings for psychological and neuroscientific theories of emotional memory formation.

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“…Finally, there are circumstances under which exercise might impair metacognition by inflating metacognitive judgments relative to memory performance. Although the effects of exercise on memory are generally positive, exceptions occur whereby exercise does not benefit memory performance 3,32 . If exercise does not benefit memory, it may cause an increase in the overconfidence via the mechanisms described in the preceding paragraph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Physical Exercise Can Influence the Accuracy of Metacognitive Judgments

Palmer

Stefanidis

Turner

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Acute exercise generally benefits memory but little research has examined how exercise affects metacognition (knowledge of memory performance). We show that a single bout of exercise can influence metacognition in paired-associate learning. Participants completed 30-min of moderate-intensity exercise before or after studying a series of word pairs ( cloud - ivory ), and completed cued-recall ( cloud -?; Experiments 1 & 2) and recognition memory tests ( cloud -? spoon; ivory ; drill ; choir ; Experiment 2). Participants made judgments of learning prior to cued-recall tests (JOLs; predicted likelihood of recalling the second word of each pair when shown the first) and feeling-of-knowing judgments prior to recognition tests (FOK; predicted likelihood of recognizing the second word from four alternatives). Compared to no-exercise control conditions, exercise before encoding enhanced cued-recall in Experiment 1 but not Experiment 2 and did not affect recognition. Exercise after encoding did not influence memory. In conditions where exercise did not benefit memory, it increased JOLs and FOK judgments relative to accuracy (Experiments 1 & 2) and impaired the relative accuracy of JOLs (ability to distinguish remembered from non-remembered items; Experiment 2). Acute exercise seems to signal likely remembering; this has implications for understanding the effects of exercise on metacognition, and for incorporating exercise into study routines.

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Witnesses in Action

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Stress-Activity Mapping: Physiological Responses During General Duty Police Encounters

Stress-Activity Mapping: Physiological Responses During General Duty Police Encounters

The stressed eyewitness: the interaction of thematic arousal and post-event stress in memory for central and peripheral event information

Acute Physical Exercise Can Influence the Accuracy of Metacognitive Judgments

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